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Grade 8 Chapter 2
Chemical Building Blocks Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| solid | an object with a definite shape and definite volume |
| liquid | no definite shape; definite volume |
| gas | no definite shape; no definite volume |
| fluid | a substance that flows; a liquid or a gas |
| crystalline solid | the particles form a regular, repeating pattern; has a distinct melting point |
| amorphous solid | particles are not arranged in a regular patter; no distinct melting point |
| temperature | a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles in a substance |
| pressure | force divided by area |
| kilopascals | unit of pressure |
| Boyle's Law | when the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases |
| graph | diagram that tells how two variables are related |
| directly proportional | when two variables pass through the (0,0) point on a graph |
| vary inversely | when two variables on a graph form a downward curve close to the vertical axis. |
| physical change | alters the form of a substance, but does not change it to another substance |
| chemical change | substance is changed into a different substance with different properties |
| thermal energy | energy from the movement of particles |
| chemical energy | energy from the chemical bonds within matter |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy can change from one form to another, but energy can never be lost. |
| melting | change in state from a solid to a liquid |
| freezing | change of state from liquid to solid |
| vaporization | liquid water changing into water vapor |
| evaporation | vaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid |
| boiling | vaporization that takes place inside a liquid and at the surface |
| condensation | occurs when a gas loses enough thermal energy to become a liquid |
| sublimation | occurs when a solid changes into a gas without passing through the liquid state |
| chemical reaction | chemical change |
| viscosity | the resistance of a liquid to flowing |