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Antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants are used to treat the ______?
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Manifestations of the common cold are due to triggering of ______ response.
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Pharm Test 2

Respiratory Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
Antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants are used to treat the ______? common cold
Manifestations of the common cold are due to triggering of ______ response. the inflammatory response
What herbal/supplemental products may be helpful in treating the common cold? Echinacea and Vitamin C
T/F Histamine is a substance that performs many functions; there are 3 types of histamine receptors? FALSE: Histamine is a substance that performs may function and there are only TWO types of Histamine receptors.
Histamine 1 (H1) anti-blockers receptors mediate:_____ smooth muscle contraction and dilation of capillaries
Histamine 1 anti-blockers are very drying. Name four drugs that are histamine 1 anti-blockers 1. Diphenhydramine (benadryl). 2. Tylonal PM 3. Meclizine (antivert) 4. claritin
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Tylonal PM cause ____ and used for_____. They cause drowsyness and are used for motion sickness
Does Claritin cause drowsyness? NO
Histamine 2 (H2) receptors mediate: ______. Histamine 2 receptors mediate: the acceleration of the heart rate and gastric acid secretion
H1 blockers are used for the ____ and _____ because of _______. Give examples. H1 blockers are used for the common cold and allergies because of ability to block inflammatory effects, i.e. runny nose, due to histamine.
What drug does the following: Dilation of capillaries; Increased capillary permeability; Contraction of smooth muscle; Stimulation of gastric secretions; Accelerates the heart rate? Histamine 1 and 2
Antihistamines compete with histamines for unoccupied receptors. They do not unbind histamine that is already attached to receptors. Therefore, antihistamines are more effective when? Antihistamines are more effective when given early in a histamine-mediated reaction, before all of the free histamine molecules bind to cell membrane receptors.
Indications of Antihistamines: nasal allergies, allergic rhinitis, and common cold
What is the chief complaint of Antihistamines? Drowsiness
Adverse Effects of Antihistamines/Anticholinergic effects include.... The anticholinergic (drying) effects of antihistamines can cause adverse effects such as dry mouth, changes in viion, difficulty urinating, and constipation.
Your key drugs are loratidine (Claritin) and diphenhy dramine (Benadryl). What are the main differences between these two drugs? Claritin is a non-sedative (non drowsy) and Benadryl is a sedative.
The 3 groups of nasal decongestants are: adrenergics (sympathomimetics:ANS albuterol; anticholinergics (parasympatholytics); and corticosteroids (intranasal steroids)
Which is the largest group of nasal decongestants? adrenergics (sympathomimetics: ANS albuterol
Which nasal decongestant is a selected topical? corticosteroids
Name the 3 routes that nasal decongestants can be administered. Orally to produce a systemic effect, inhalation, and topically to the nose.
Adrenergics MOA is? Adrenergics constrict nasal arterioles, which allow the nasal secretions in the swolen mucous membranes to drain.
Adverse effects of decongestants are Most common are: mucosal irritation and dryness. May have some sympathomimetic-related effects
T/F Antitussives: used when coughing is not useful or may be harmful. True
Use Dextromethorphen (Vicks Formula 4, robitussin-DM) when a person has a _____ but no _____? Use when a person has a cough but no mucus build up. It is a cough suppressant.
Guaifenesin (Humabid, robitussin) is used when there is _______. mucus build up and the person is coughing
How do codeine, hydrocodone (the opiates) and dextromethorphan work? They suppress the cough reflex through direct action on the cough center in the CNS (medulla). They also provide analgesia and have a drying effect on the mucosa on the respiratory tract, which increases viscosity of respiratory secretions. it reduce Sx
Why is dextromethorphan different than the opiates? Because it is not an opioid, however, it does not have analgesic properties, nor does it cause addiction or CNS depression
Adverse Effects for dextromethorphan (Vicks Formula 44, Robitussin-DM) dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea
_____ Breaks down thick secretions so they can be 'expectorated' Expectorants
What is the 2 MOA's of Expectorants? 1st is reflex stimulation, in which loosening & thinning of respiratory tract secretions (Guaifenesin is the only drug available). 2nd is direct stimualation of secretory glands in the respiratory tract (Iodine-containing pdts (iodinated glycerol & KI)
Expectorants provide relief of _____, by ..... Expectorants provide relief of productive cough, by loosening/thinning sputum, indirectly diminish tendency to cough
The key expectorant drug is Guaifensen (Humabid, Robitussin)
A client with pneumonia is complaining of inability to sleep due to frequent coughing with thick sputum. What OTC would be the best? Guaifenesin (Humabid, robitussing)-is for mucus build up
Bronchodilators and other respiratory drugs are used to treat what diseases? Chronic broncitis, asmas, emphesema and COPD
What are the 3 key bronchodilators? beta-adrenergic agonists, antic holinergics, xanthine derivatives)
Beta 2-Adrenergic Agonists are used for what phase of an asthma attack? Acute
Beta 2-adrenergic agonists such as albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) is used to treat asthma because? it is selective and works on broncho dilators
Antichollnergics drug such as ipratropium (Atrovent) is a _____ and MOA? ipratropium (Atrovent)- is a nonselective, vasoconstriction, increases heart rate and increases cardio contractility. MOA they block Ach receptors that cause bronchoconstriction.
The most commonly reported adverse effects of ipratropium and tiotropium therapy are related to.... related to the drug's anticholinergic efects & include dry mouth/throat, nasal congestion, heart palpitations, GI distress, headache, coughing, & anxiety.
Xanthine Derivatives Increases CAMP which is a chemical responsible for .... bronco dilation and it is important in maintaining an open airway
Theophylline (Slo-Bid, Theo-Dur) is a Xanthine Derivative that can cause ____ and is metabolized where? Can cause cardiac disrthymias and is metabolized in the liver
What drug causes bronchodilation by increasing levels of energy-producing substance cAMP, which is important in maintaining an open airway. Xanthine Derivatives such as Theophylline (Slo-Bid, Theo-Dur)
Theophylline is metabolized to ____, therefore it stimualtes the _____. Theophylline is metabolized to caffeine in the body, therefore it stimulates the CNS
Xanthines are used to dilate teh airways in patients with ..... asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema.
Contraindications of ____ is mostly related to CNS stimulation, Nervous, irritability, cardiac disrhytmias. Xanthines
Therapeutic range is 10-20 mcg/ml for what drug Xanthines
The common adverse effects of the _____ derivatives include nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. GI reflux may occur during sleep. Xanthine derivatives
The use of xanthine derivatives with any of the following drugs causes the serum level of the xanthine derivative to be increased: allopurinol, cimetidine, macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), influenza vaccine, rifampin, and oral contraceptives.
A reported herbal interaction of xanthine derivatives is the tendency of _____ to enhance the rate of xanthine drug metabolism. St. John's Wort
What is the key drug for xanthine deriviatives? theophylline (Slo-Bid, Theo-Dur)
What is the therapeutic blood level range for theophylline? 10-20 mcg/ml
What are the two nonbronchodilating respiratory drugs? Antileukotriene drugs, corticosteroids
What are leukotrienes? family of molecules, prevention of asthma
Nonbronchodilating respiratory drugs MOA is that they bind to leukotriene receptors in the lungs which prevents _____, decreases ____ and reduces ____. bronchial smooth muscle contraction, decrease mucus secretion, and reduces vascular permeability (edema).
Nonbronchodilating respiratory drugs are a Long or short term treatment of asthma? LONG
Which nonbronchodilationg respiratory drug is used for allergic rhinitis? Montelukast
When using nonbronchodilating respiratory drug when do you see improvement? One week
What drug is the adverse effect Churg-Strauss syndrome may occur. Systemic necrotizing vasculitis? Montelukast (Singulair)
Your key drug of nonbronchodilating respiatory drug is Montelukast (Singulair)
Corticosteroids Inhaled or nasal spray Key drug is fluticasone (Flovent) -nasal spray and is used to prevent asthma
Pt receiving both Flovent and albuterol. You should give ____ first to open up the airways and then ____. Give albuterol first to open up the airways and then flovent
When taking corticosteroids pt should rinse mouth out after so you don't get thrush
Why are Corticosteroids used in the treatment of the respiratory diseases? Corticosteroids, also known as glucocorticoids, are either naturally occurring or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of COPDs for their antiinflammatory effects.
Corticosteroids can be given in what possible routes? Inhalation, PO or IV in severe cases of asthma when the drug cannot get to the airways because of the obstruction
What is the advantage of inhaled over oral or intravenous corticosteroids? Corticosteroids administered by inhalation have an advantage over orally administered corticosteroids in that their action is limited to the topical site in the lungs.
MOA of ____ Dual effect of 1) reducing inflammation and 2) enhancing the activity of β-agonists Corticosteroids such as Flovent
T/F List the main undesirable effects associated with inhaled corticosteroids, include pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth, and oral fungal infections. True
Is there a problem with systemic effects with inhaled corticosteroids? Most of the drug effects are limited to lungs and there is relatively little systemic absorption of the drugs. So YES if you need a systemic effect
What is the difference between Flonase and Flovent? Fluticasone is administered intranasally (Flonase) (1 inhalation in each nostril daily) and by oral inhalation (Flovent) (usually 1 inhalation by mouth twice daily).
List 2 things you should assess with xanthine derivatives. Cardiovascular and CNS stimulation may occur with these drugs, thus requiring astute cardiac and neurological assessment.
Why is age important to assess with corticosteroids? Age should be noted because corticosteroids are not recommended in pediatric patients in whom growth is still occurring
T/F Quick-Relief: short acting inhaled beta 2 agonists-albuterol; Systemic cortosteroids are usually given IV then switched to inhaled form true
Long term treatment of asthma Antileukotriene agents; mast cell stabalizers; inhaled steroids; anticholenergics; theophline
Short term treatment of asthma albuterol or beta 2 agonists
Created by: cgwayland
 

 



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