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-Chemical Reactions-
Chemistry Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a substance, such as sodium chloride, that dissolves in water to give an electrically conducting solution | electrolyte |
| a substance, such as sucrose, or table sugar (C12H22O11), that dissolves in water to give a nonconducting or very poorly conducting solution | nonelectrolyte |
| an electrolyte that exists in solution almost entirely as ions | strong electrolyte |
| an electrolyte that dissolves in water to give a relatively small percentage of ions | weak electrolyte |
| a chemical equation in which the reactants and products are written as if they were molecular substances, even though they may actually exist in solution as ions. | molecular equation |
| a chemical equation in which strong electrolytes (such as soluble ionic compounds) are written as separate ions in the solution | complete ionic equation |
| an ion in an ionic equation that does not take part in the reaction | spectator ion |
| an ionic equation from which spectator ions have been canceled | net ionic equation |
| an insoluble solid compound formed during a chemical reaction in solution | precipitate |
| a reaction between compounds that, when written as a molecular equation, appears to involve the exchange of parts between the two reactants. | exchange (metathesis) reaction |
| a dye used to distinguish between acidic and basic solutions by means of the color changes it undergoes in these solutions | acid-base indicator |
| a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when it dissolves in water | acid (Arrhenius) |
| a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when it dissolves in water. | base (Arrhenius) |
| the species (molecule or ion) that donates a proton to another species in a proton-transfer reaction | acid (Bronsted-Lowry) |
| the species (molecule or ion) that accepts a proton in a proton-transfer reaction | base (Bronsted-Lowry) |
| an acid that ionizes completely in water; it is a strong electrolyte | strong acid |
| an acid that is only partly ionized in water; it is a weak electrolyte | weak acid |
| a base that is present in aqueous solution entirely as ions, one of which is OH-; it is a strong electrolyte | strong base |
| a base that is only partly ionized in water; it is a weak electrolyte | weak base |
| a reaction of an acid and a base that results in an ionic compound and possibly water | neutralization reaction |
| an ionic compound that is a product of a neutralization reaction | salt |
| an acid that yields two or more acidic hydrogens per molecule | polyprotic acid |
| either the actual charge on an atom in a substance, if the atom exists as a monatomic ion, or a hypothetical charge assigned by simple rules | oxidation number (oxidation state) |
| a reaction in which electrons are transferred between species or in which atoms change oxidation number | oxidation-reduction reaction (redox reaction) |
| one of two parts of an oxidation-reduction reaction, one part of which involves a loss of electrons (or increase of oxidation number) and the other a gain of electrons (or decrease of oxidation number) | half-reaction |
| the part of an oxidation-reduction reaction in which there is a loss of electrons by a species (or an increase in the oxidation number of an atom) | oxidation |
| the part of an oxidation-reduction reaction in which there is a gain of electrons by a species (or a decrease of oxidation number of an atom) | reduction |
| a species that oxidizes another species; it is itself reduced | oxidizing agent |
| a species that reduces another species; it is itself oxidized | reducing agent |
| a reaction in which two substances combine to form a third substance | combination reaction |
| a reaction in which a single compound reacts to give two or more substances | decomposition reaction |
| a reaction in which an element reacts with a compound, displacing another element from it | displacement reaction (single-replacement reaction) |
| a reaction of a substance with oxygen, usually with the rapid release of heat to produce a flame | combustion reaction |
| the moles of solute dissolved in one liter (cubic decimeter) of solution | molar concentration (molarity) (M) |
| the determination of the amount of a substance or species present in a material | quantitative analysis |
| a type of quantitative analysis in which the amount of a species in a material is determined by converting the species to a product that can be isolated completely and weighed | gravimetric analysis |
| a procedure for determining the amount of substance A by adding a carefully measured volume of a solution with known concentration of B until the reaction of A and B is just complete | titration |
| a method of analysis based on titration | volumetric analysis |
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