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Chapter 9

Developmental Psych (Exam 2)

QuestionAnswer
preoperational intelligence Piaget's term for cognitive development bettween the ages of 2 and 6; it includes language and imagination (which involve symbolic thought), but logical, operational thinking is not yet possible.
centration a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child focuses (centers) on one idea, excluding all others
egocentrism Piaget's term for children's tendency to think about the world entirely from their own personal perspective
focus on appearance a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child ignores all attributes that aren't apparent; a thing is whatever it appears to be
static reasoning a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes; whatever is now has always been and always will be
irreversibility a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing can be undone. A thing can't be restored to the way it was before a change occurred.
conservation the principle that the amount of a substance remains the same, even when its appearance changes
animism the belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive
guided participation the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations
zone of proximal development (ZPD) Vygotsky's term for the skills - cognitive as well as physical - that a person can exercise only with assistance, not yet independently
scaffolding temporary support that is tailored to a learner's needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process
private speech the internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves (silently or out loud)
social mediation human interaction that expands and advances understanding, often through words that one person uses to explain something to another
theory-theory the idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories
Created by: AnnaZoller
 

 



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