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chapter 55555
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anything hat has mass and occupies space is defined as | matter |
| the basic building blocks of all substances are the | atom |
| the number of elements known today is | 118 |
| an arrangement of elements by similar chemical properties is accomplished in the ____ table | periodic |
| substance composed of two or more elements are called ____ | compound |
| a _____ is the smallest unit of a compound formed by the union of two or more atoms | molecule |
| the physical state that retains a definite shape and volume is a ____ | solid |
| a gas has ___ definite shape or volume | no |
| during the process of _____, solids go directly to the gaseous state, by passing the liquid state | sublimation |
| the attraction forces between the molecules of a liquid are ____ than those in a soild | Less |
| different ____ are separated by definite visible boundaries | Phases |
| carbon-containing substances are classified as _____ | organic |
| ______ substances encompass all non-carbon containing materials | Inorganic |
| a _______ anaylsis describes the identity of a material and a _______ analysis relates to a determination of the quantity of a substance | qualitative quantitative |
| henrys law describes the distribution of volatile chemical compound between its liquid and gas phase | False |
| the _____ the solubility of a gas in a lucid the great its tendency to remain dissolved in that liquid | higher |
| in order for chromatography to occur one phase must move continuously in one direction over a stationary phase | false |
| a technique that separates mixtures on the basis of their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase is ____ | gas chromatography |
| solid materials that are not readily dissolved in solvents for injection into the gas chromatograph can be _______ into numerous gaseous products before entering the gas chromatograph | pyrolyzed |
| a major advantage of high performance liquid chromatography is that the entire process takes place at _____ temperature | room |
| a technique that uses a moving liquid phase and a stationary solid phase to separate mixtures is _______ | thin layer chromatography |
| because most chemicals compounds are colorless the final step of the thin layer development usually requires that they be ______ by spraying with a chemical reagent | visualized |
| the distance a spot has traveled up a thin layer plate can be assigned a numerical value known as the ____ value | Rf |
| the migration of materials along a stationary phase under the influence of an electrical potential describes the technique of ------ | electropheries |
| color is a usual indication that substances selectively absorb light | True |
| the distance between two successive identical points on a wave is known as----- | wavelength |
| frequency and wavelength are directly proportional to one another | true |
| light x-rays and radio waves are all members of the ______ spectrum | ectromagnit |
| a beam of light that has all of its waves pulsating in unison is called a ____ | laser |
| one model of light depicts it as consisting of energy particles known as _____ | photons |
| the energy of a light particle (photon) is directly proportional to its frequency | true |
| red light is _____ energetic than violet light | less |
| the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation by materials ____ be used as an aid for identification | can |
| the ______ is the instrument used to measure and record the absorption spectrum of a chemical substance | spectphemeter |
| the function of the _____ is to select a single frequency of light emanating from the spectrophotometers source | monochromator |
| an _____ absorption spectrum provides a unique fingerprint of a chemical substance | infrared |
| a mass spectrum is normally considered a specific means for identifying a chemical sustance | true |
| a. Rigid - definite shape and volume b. Strong attractive forces between molecules c. Lowest energy state | solid |
| a. Fluid - definite volume, but takes shape of container b. Weaker attractive forces between molecules c. Higher energy state | Liqued |
| a. No definite shape or volume b. Very little attraction between molecules c. Highest energy state | gas |
| a. Does NOT need a change in composition of matter b. Alteration of attractive forces between molecules by adding energy | changes in state |
| change in state from solid to gas (liquid skipped) | sublimation |
| a. Visible boundary between substances (ice and water are definite boundiares between ice and water) | phases |
| alcohol distributed between air in lungs and blood in body at 98.6oC 1 molecule in air in lungs for every 2100 in blood. This is why we can use the breathalyzer to measure a blood alcohol concentration | true |
| 1. Drugs 2. Fibers 3. Paint binders 4. Petroleum products | analysis of organic compounds... forensic science needs |
| 1. Glass 2. Paint pigments 3. Minerals | analysis of inorganic compounds |
| 1. Determine CLASS characteristics (maybe we got something) 2. Aid in narrowing a field of analysis | prliminary tests |
| 1. Determine individual characteristics 2. Compound IDENTIFICATION | conclusive tests |
| 1. Aid in characterization of mixture 2. Tells how much of each component is present 3. Some are ''preliminary'' but conclusive tests can also be used | quantitative tests |
| the use of light in analysis 1. Evaluates the absorption of light by compounds 2. Theory of the behavior of light | Spectrophotometry |
| 1) Wavelength- energy proportional to wavelength 2) Frequency - proportional to wavelength(how many waves do you have in a particular length.) | wave length theory |
| 1) Photons - discrete packets of energy 2) Energy proportional to frequency | particle theory |
| a. Source of light b. Monochromator - separates light for analysis c. Sample cell- light passes through and allows sample to interact d. Detector - able to see how much light has been absorbed e. Recorder - gives visual read out of analysis | spectrophometer |
| 1) low energy 2) gives ''fingerprint'' of molecule 3) conclusive test | infrared |
| 1) high energy 2) tells gross structure of molecule 3) preliminary test | ultravoliet |
Created by:
hbadwa3