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The bony framework of the body. Collectively, all the bones of the body.
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Primary organs of the skeletal system. Forms the rigid framework of the body.
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Anatomy Ch. 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The bony framework of the body. Collectively, all the bones of the body. | skeleton |
| Primary organs of the skeletal system. Forms the rigid framework of the body. | bones |
| Two types of bone connective tissue are present in most of the bones of the body: | compact bone (dense or cortical bone), spongy bone (cancellous or trabecular bone) |
| A relatively dense connective bone tissue that appears white, smooth, and solid. Makes up 80% of total bone mass. | compact bone (dense or cortical bone) |
| Bone located internal to compact bone. Appears porous, and makes up 20% of total bone mass. Interior cavity of bone contains a connective tissue that is either red or yellow bone marrow. | spongy bone (cancellous or trabecular bone) |
| A semi-rigid conective tissue that is more flexible than bone. | cartilage |
| Attaches ribs to sternum (costal cartilage), covers ends of some bones (articular cartilage), and is cartilage w/in growth plates (epiphyseal plates). Provides model for formation of most bones in body. | hyaline cartilage |
| A weight-bearing cartilage that withstands compression. Forms intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis (cartilage between bones of the pelvis), and cartilage pads of the knee joints (menisci). | fibrocartilage |
| Dense regular connective tissue that anchors bone to bone. | ligaments |
| Dense regular connective tissue that anchors muscle to bone. | tendons |
| What functions do bones serve? | support and protection, movement, hemopoiesis, and storage of mineral and energy reserves |
| The process of blood cell production. Occurs in red bone marrow connective tissue that contains stem cells that form blood cells and platelets. | hemopoiesis |
| What two minerals are stored w/in and then released from bone? | calcium and phosphate |
| What functions does calcium serve? | muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve impulse transmission |
| For what is phosphate required? | ATP utilization and is an important component of the plasma membrane |
| The 4 classes of bone as determined by shape are: | long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones |
| Bones that are greater in length than width. They have an elongated, cylindrical shaft (diaphysis). Most common bone shape. Found in upper and lower limbs. | long bones |
| Bones that have a length nearly equal to their width (carpals and tarsals). | short bones |
| Small, sesame seed-shaped bones along the tendons of some muscles are classified as short bones. The patella is the largest __ bone. | sesamoid bones |
| Bones that have flat, thin surfaces that may be slightly curved. Provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment and protect underlying soft tissues. Forms roof of skull, scapulae (shoulder blades), sternum, and ribs. | flat bones |
| Bones that have elaborate, sometimes complex shapes and do not fit into any of the preceding categories. Vertebrae; ossa coxae (hip bones), and several bones in skull (ethmoid, sphenoid, and sutural bones) are examples of __ bones. | irregular bones |
| The shaft of the bone. The elongated, usually cylindrical, __ provides for the leverage and major weight support of a long bone. Extending inward from the compact bone of the __ are spicules of spongy bone. | diaphysis |
| The hollow, cylindrical space w/in the diaphysis. In children, thic cavity contains red bone marrow, which later is replaced by yellow bone marrow in adults. | medullary (marrow) cavity |
| An expanded knobby region called the __ is at each end of a long bone. A __ __ is the end of the bone closes to the body trunk and the __ __ is the end farthest from the trunk. | epiphysis, proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis |
| Of what is an epiphysis composed? | an outer thin layer of compact bone and an inner, more extensive region of spongy bone |
| Covering the joint surface of an epiphysis is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called __ __. This helps reduce friction and abasorb shock in moveable joints. | articular cartilage |
| The __ is the region in a mature bone sandwiched between the diaphysis and the epiphysis. This region contains the __ __ in a growing bone. It is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that provides for continued lengthwise growth of bone. | metaphysis, epiphyseal (growth) plate |
| The remnant of the epiphyseal plate in adults is a thin, defined area of compact bone called the __ __. | epiphyseal line |
| A tough sheath that covers the outer surface of the bone except for the areas covered by articular cartilage. | periosteum |
| The periosteum is anchored to the bone by numerous collage fibers called __ __, which run perpendicular to the diaphysis. | perforating fibers (Sharpey's fibers) |
| An incomplete layer of cells that covers all internal surfaces of the bone w/in the medullary cavity. Contains osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. | endosteum |
| How do short, flat, and irregular bones differ in their gross anatomic structure from long bones? | The external surface generally is composed of compatc bone, the interior is composed entirely of spongy bone, and there is no medullary cavity. |
| In a flat bone of the skull, the spongy bone is also called __. | diploe |
| Blood vessels enter bones from the: | periosteum |
| Only one nutrient artery enters and one nutrient vein exits the bone via a small opening or hole in the bone called a __ __. | nutrient foramen |
| Most abundant; decrease # of collagen fibers; glassy-appearing matrix; sparsely arranged chondrocytes in lacunae; usually covered by perichondrium. | hyaline cartilage |
| Forms most of fetal skeleton; provides support. | hyaline cartilage |
| attaches ribs to sternum (costal cartilage), ends of bones (articular cartilage), cartilage w/in growth plates (epiphyseal plates), tip of nose, trachea, most of larynx, most of fetal skeleton. | hyaline cartilage |
| Increase # of collagen fibers; readily visible, numerous parallel collagen fibers; lg chondrocytes in lacunae; NO perichondrium. | fibrocartilage |
| Resists compression; acts as a shock absorber in some joints. | fibrocartilage |
| Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee joints. | fibrocartilage |
| Increase # of elastic fibers to provide flexibility; abundant elastic fibers that form web-like mesh; chondrocytes in lacunae; perichondrium present. | elastic cartilage |
| Maintains shape while permitting extensive flexibility. | elastic cartilage |
| External ear, epiglottis of larynx. | elastic cartilage |
Created by:
khinson