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Anatomy Ch. 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Deep to epidermis. Composed of connective tissue proper, and contains primarily collagen fibers, although both elastic and reticular fibers are also found w/in it. Two regions: superficial papillary layer and deep reticular layer. | dermis |
| Superficial region of dermis found directly adjacent and internal to epidermis. Composed of areolar c.t. and derives name from projections of dermis called dermal papillae. | papillary layer |
| Forms deeper, major portion of dermis that extends from papillary layer to underlying subcutaneous layer. Consists primarily of dense irregular c.t. which lrg bundles of collagen fibers project in all directions. Meshwork of collagen fibers. | reticular layer |
| Tension lines. Identify predominant orientation of collagen fiber bundles. | lines of cleavage |
| When skin is stretched beyond its capacity, some collagen fibers are torn and result in stretch marks __. Flexibility and thickness of dermis are diminished by effects of exposure to ultraviolet light and aging, causing either sagging or wrinkled skin. | striae |
| Distribution of nerve fibers. Allows us to be very aware of our surroundings and to differentiate among different kinds of sensory signals from receptors in skin. | innervation |
| The diameters of the vessels narrow, so relatively less blood can travel through them. __ of dermal blood vessels occurs if the body is trying to conserve heat. | vasoconstriction |
| __ of dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels increases, so relatively more blood can travel through them. Dermal blood vessels do this so more blood will travel close to body surface and excess heat may be lost if body is too warm. | vasodilation |
| Deep to integument. Not considered part of integument. Consists of both areolar c.t. and adipose c.t. In some locations of body, adipose c.t. predominates, thus this layer is called __ __. | subcutaneous (hypodermis), subcutaneous fat |
| Appendages of integument. formed during embryologic development as portions of epidermis invaginated into dermis. Hair and nails r composed primarily of dead, keratinized epithelial cells, whereas the exocrine glands r composed of living epithelial cells. | epidermal derivatives |
| Scalelike modifications of s.c. layer of epidermis that form on dorsal edges of fingers and toes. Protect distal tips of digits and prevent damage or extensive distortion during jumping, kicking, or catching. Assist in grasping objects. | nails |
| Each nail has a distal whitish __ __, a pinkish __ __, and a __ __, which is proximal part embedded in skin. Together, these form the __ __. | free edge, nail body, nail root, nail plate |
| The nail body covers a layer of epidermis that is called the __ __, which contains only the deeper, living cell layers of the epidermis. | nail bed |
| At the nail root and proximal end of nail body, nail bed thickens to form __ __, which is the actively growing part of the nail. | nail matrix |
| The __ is the whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body. Has a whitish appearance b/c a thickened s.b. obscures the underlying blood vessels. | lunula |
| Along the lateral and proximal borders of the nail, folds of skin called __ __ overlap the nail. | nail folds |
| The __ aka the __, is a narrow band of epidermis extending from the margin of the nail wall onto nail body. | eponychium, cuticle |
| The __ is a region of thickened s.c. over which the free nail edge projects. | hyponychium |
| __ is found almost everywhere on body except palms of hands and palmar surface of fingers, sides and soles of feet and toes, lips, and portions of external genitalia. | hair |
| A single hair. Has shape of a slender filament. Composed of keratinized cells growing from hair follicles that extend deep into dermis, often projecting into underlying subcutaneous layer. | pilus |
| We produce three kinds of hair during our lives: | lanugo, vellus, and terminal hair |
| A fine, unpigmented, downy hair that first appears on fetus in last trimester of development. | lanugo |
| At birth, most of lanugo has been replaced by similarly fine unpigmented or lightly pigmented hair called __. Primary human hair and is found on upper and lower lmimbs. | vellus |
| __ __ is usually coarser, pigmented, and longer than vellus. Grows on scalp, and is hair of eyebrows and eyelashes. At puberty, this replaces vellus hair in axillary and pubic regions, and forms beard on faces of males. | terminal hair |
| Consists of epithelial cells and is a swelling at base where hair originates in dermis. Contains living epithelial cells. | hair bulb |
| The epithelium at base of bulb surrounds a small __ __, which is composed of a small amount of c.t. containing tiny blood vessels and nerves. | hair papilla |
| The __ is the portion of the hair deep to the skin surface. Consists of dead epithelial cells. | root |
| The __ is that portion of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface. Consist of dead epithelial cells. | shaft |
| A structure at base of hair bulb. | hair matrix |
| Not found in all hair types- a remnant of soft core of matrix. Composed of loosely arranged cells and air spaces and contains flexible, soft keratin. | medulla |
| Several layers of flattened cells closer to outer surface of developing hair form relatively hard __. A single cell layer around the cortex forms the ___, which coats the hair. | cortex, cuticle |
| An oblique tube that surrounds the hair root. It extends into dermis and sometimes into subcutaneous layer. Cells of follicle walls are organized into two principle concentric layers: connective tissue root sheath and epithelial tissue root sheath. | hair follicle |
| Extending from hair follicle to dermal papillae are thin ribbons of smooth muscle that collectively are called the __ __. Stimulation of this is usually a result of an emotional state or a response to exposure to cold temps. "Goose bumps" | arrector pili |
| Functions of hair: | protection, heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal |
Created by:
khinson