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RADT 334 - UNIT 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability to do work or physically influence surroundings because of position, chemical or nuclear state. | energy |
| Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation. | E=mc^2 |
| any electromagnetic or particulate radiation that has sufficient energy to remove an electron from an atom. | ionizing radiation |
| 1/1000 of a rad. | mrad |
| average level of natural environmental radiation in mrads/year. | 3.1 mSv |
| this is the phosphor with which Roentgen was experimenting with when he discoveerd x-rays | barium platinocyanide |
| the year x-rays were discovered. | 1895 |
| the year Roentgen won the Nobel Prize in physics. | 1901 |
| true/false: mass fluctuates with gravitational influence. | false |
| name 4 examples of electromagnetic radiation. | x-rays, gamma rays, visible light, radiowaves, microwaves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation. |
| what is the purpose of x-ray beam filtration? | to remove low energy x-rays from the beam. |
| according to the text, how much of the annual dose is attributable to medical imaging? | ~2.3 mSv |
| what does ALARA stand for? | as low as reasonably achievable |
| name 3 sources of naturally occurring radiation. | cosmic, terrestrial, internally deposited radionuclides |
| what naturally occurring radiation source is linked to lung cancer in the United States in non-smokers? | radon gas |
| 3 fundamental units of measurement. | length, mass and time |
| secondary quantities that are derived from a combination of one or more of the 3 base quantities. | derived quantity |
| quantities derived from the base quantities that are used only in specialty areas of science. | special quantity |
| Newton's first law. | inertia |
| the rate of change of velocity with time. | acceleration |
| the transfer of thermal energy from one position to another by a moving fluid (liquid or gas). | convection |
| the force applied to an object multiplied by the distance over which it is applied. | work |
| the rate of change of position with time; aka speed. | velocity |
| Newton's second law. | force |
| equation for force. | F=ma |
| equation for velocity. | v=d/t |
| equation for acceleration. | a=(vf-vo)/t or final velocity -initial velocity divided by time |
| Newton's third law | action/reaction |
| equation for momentum | p=mv |
| when dividing fractions, you must first find a ______ _______. | common denominator |
| to multiply fractions, simply _____ numerators and denominators | multiply |
| to convert a fraction into a decimal, ______ the numerator _____ the denominator. | divide, by |
| traditional measurement unit used to calculate radiation intensity in the air. | Roentgen |
| tradotional measurement unit for absorbed dose . | rad |
| tradotional measurement unit for occupational exposure. | rem |
| tradotional measurement unit for radioactivity. | curie |
| SI equivalent of the R | C/kg or gray in air |
| SI equivalent of the rad. | gray or gray in tissue |
| SI equivalent of the rem. | Seivert |
| SI equivalent of the curie. | becquerel |
| any quantum of electromagnetic radiation. It has no mass and no charge. | photon |
| positively charged beta particle. | positron |
| neutrons and protons | nucleon |
| arrangement of all known elements into row and columns. the rows relate to the number of electron shells present; the columns relate to the number of electrons in the outermost shell. | periodic table |
| Time required to reduce radioactivity to half its original value | radioactive half-life |
| innermost electron shell | K |
| form of radioactivity - The nucleus of a helium atom - two neutrons and two protons | alpha particle |
| An electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom | beta particle |
| Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers | isotope |
| Atomic nuclei that have the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers | isobar |
| Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons | isotone |
| Atoms that have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass number (just exist at different energy states) | isomer |
| The force that keeps an electron in orbit | centripetal |
| The force related to flying out or away from center | centrifugal |
| No outermost shell can contain more than ____ electrons | eight |
| In the equation 2n2 (2n squared), n represents what? | shell number |
| In a normal state, atoms possess this charge. | neutral |
| The smallest particle that has all of the properties of an element | atom |
| The number of protons in an atom | atomic number |
| The number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom | atomic mass |
| Symbol for atomic number | Z |
| Symbol for atomic mass | A |
| atoms of various elements combine to form this (could be same or different) | molecule |
| Any quantity of one type of molecule | compound |
| The smallest particle of a compound | molecule |
| The smallest particle of a an element | atom |
| Spontaneous emission of particles and energy to become stable | radioactivity |
| For what is Mendeleev remembered? | periodic table |
| Who developed the concept of the atom as a minature solar system? | Neils Bohr |
| List the fundamental particles within an atom | electrons, protons, neutrons |
| relationship of force to an object's mass | direct |
| three methods of thermal energy transfer | conduction, convection, radiation |
| difference between a beta particle and an electron | origin |
| difference between x-ray and gamma ray | origin |
| Thomson, Rutherford, Dalton, Bohr, | all had different atom models you should be able to differentiate |
| Bonds formed from sharing electrons | covalent |
| bonds formed from giving off or taking on electrons | ionic |
| T/F: All compounds are molecules | true |
| T/F: All molecules are compounds | false |
Created by:
hschmuck1