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Chapter 3 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unity of Place | The great German natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt's notion that in a particular locale or region intricate connections among climate, geology, biology, and human cultures. |
| Indigenous | To be abnormal or native. |
| Altiplano | High elevation plateau, basin, or valley between even higher mountain ranges, especially in the Andes of South America. |
| Land Alienation | One society or culture group taking land from another. |
| Liberation theology | A powerful religious movement that arose in South America during the 1950s and subsequently gained followers throughout the global periphery |
| Cultural Purism | A society in which two or more population groups, each practicing its own culture, live adjacent to another with out mixing inside a single state. |
| Commercial Agriculture | For profit agriculture |
| Subsistence Agriculture | Farmers who eke out a living on a small plot of land on which they are only able to grow enough food to support their families or best a small community. |
| Remote Sensing | The indirect capture of images by specially equipped, Earth-orbiting satellites. |
| Uneven development | The notion that economic development varies spatially, a central tenet of core periphery relationships in realms, regions, and lesser geographic entities. |
| Supranationalism | A venture involving three or more states-political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. |
| Rural to Urban migration | The dominant migration flow from countryside to city that continues to transform the world's population, most notably in the less advantages geographic realms. |
| Informal sector | Dominated by unlicensed sellers of homemade goods and services, the primitive form of capitalism found in many developing countries that take place beyond the control of government. |
| Barrios | Refers to an urban community in a Middle or South American city. |
| Favela | Shantytown on the outskirts or even well within an urban area in Brazil. |
| Megacities | Most heavily populated cities 10 million plus people. |
| Central business district | The downtown heart of a central city; marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings. |
| Gini Index | A measure of inequality within a given area, ranging from 0 to 100. |
| Dependencia theory | Originating in South America during the 1960s, it was a new way of thinking about economic development and underdevelopment that explained the persistent poverty of certain countries of their unequal relations with other (i.e. rich) countries. |
| Insurgent State | Territorial embodiment of a successful guerrilla movement. The establishment by antigovernment insurgents of a territorial base in which they exercise full control; thus a state within a state. |
| Failed State | A country whos institutions have collapsed and in which anarchy prevails. |
| Neoliberal policies | Policies adhering to an ideology or development strategy that advocates the privatization of state-run companies, lowering the international trade tariffs, reduction of government subsides, cutting of corporate taxes, and deregulation business activity. |
| Landlocked Country | An interior state wholly surrounded by land. No coasts. |
| Human Development Index | A UN index that is a composite measure of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. |
| Triple Frontier | The turbulent and chaotic area in southern South America that surrounds the convergence of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. |
| Primate City | A country's largest city-ranking atop its urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually( but not in every case) the capital city as well. |
| Viticulture | The growing of grapes for the production of wine. |
| Elongation | Refers to territorial configuration of a state that is at least six times longer than its average width. |
| Buffer State | A country or set of countries separating ideological or political adversaries. |
| Entrepot | A place, usually a port city, where goods are imported, stored, and transshipped; a break of bulk point. |
| Forward Capital | Capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory, usually near an international border; it confirmed the state's determination to maintain its presence in the area of contention. |
| Cerrado | Regional term referring to the fertile savannas of Brazil's interior Central-West that make it one of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers. |
| Negative Externalities | Undesirable side-effects and/or byproducts of an action. |
| Growth pole concept | An urban center with a number of attributes that, if augmented by investment support, will stimulate regional development in its hinterland. |
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