Vocab for Chapter 7 Word Scramble
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TERM | DEFINITION |
Consciousness | Our awareness of ourselves and our enviroment. |
Biological Rhythms | Periodic physiological fluctuations. |
Circadian | The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle. |
REM sleep | Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. |
Alpha waves | The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. |
Sleep | Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. |
Hallucinations | False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. |
Delta waves | The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. |
Insomnia | Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. |
Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. |
Sleep apnea | A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings. |
Night terrors | A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
Dream | A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discountinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later |
Dream (continued) | difficulties remembering it. |
Manifest content | According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content). |
Latent content | According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that dream's latent content functions as a safety valve. |
REM rebound | The tendency for REM sleep to increase REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep). |
Hypnosis | A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behavior will spontaneously occur. |
Posthypnotic amnesia | Supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion. |
Posthypnotic suggestion | A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by clinicians to help control undesired symptomsand behaviors. |
Dissociation | A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. |
Hidden observer | Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis. |
Psychoactive drug | A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood. |
Tolerance | The diminishing effect with regulare use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. |
Withdrawal | The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. |
Physical dependence | a Physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
Psychological dependence | A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions. |
Depressants | Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. |
Stimulants | Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. |
Hallucinogens | Psychedelic ("mind manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. |
Barbiturates | Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. |
Opiates | Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
Amphetamines | Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. |
Ectasy (MDMA) | A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
LSD | A powerful hallucinogens drug: also known as acid (Lysergic acid diethylamide) |
THC | The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. |
Near-death experience | An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. |
Dualism | The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact. |
Monism | The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. |
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shellenberger
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