| Bug Name |
Labs |
Toxins |
Diseases |
Treatment |
Transmission |
Other |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Gram - Coccus, Aerobic,
Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular Diplococci | Capsule, Pili, LOS | Acute purulent meningitis, Meningococcemia, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome | Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime | Colonizes the nasopharynx; Horizontal transmission via respiratory droplets | Symptoms: Petechial lesions on trunk
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome notes:Initially caused by an N. meningitidis infection, progressing to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, DIC, and coma; rapidly fatal
|
| Neisseria gonorrhea | Gram - Coccus, Aerobic,
Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular, Diplococci | Endotoxin, Pili, OPa proteins, IgA protease, Beta-Lactamase | Gonorrhea, PID, Disseminated gonococcal infection and septic arthritis, ophthalmia neonatorum | Ceftriaxone, Cefoxitin and doxycycline, spectinomycin | STD | (blank) |
| Staph aureus | Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase +, Beta-hemolytic | Alpha toxin (septic shock), Beta toxin (sphingomyelinase), Capsule, Protein A, Penicillinase, Hemolysin, Enterotoxin, TSST-1 | Impetigo, Pyoderma, Bateremia/sepsis, Post-viral pneumonia, Osteomyelitis, Infective arthritis, Acute endocarditis, Food poisoning, Scalded Skin Syndrome, TSS | Nafcillin, Vanc, 1st Generation cephalosporin, Bactracin | Nose/Sneeze, Contact, Nosocomial | (blank) |
| Staph epidermidis | Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase - | Glycocalyx | Neonatal bateremia and sepsis, Subacuate endocarditis, Prosthetic valve infection | Vanc, linezolid, daptomycin | Normal flora | (blank) |
| Staph saprophyticus | Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase- | Hemaglutinin protein and surface proteins--> attachement to urinary tract epithelial cells | UTI | Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole | Normal flora of genitourinary tract | (blank) |
| Strep pyogenes | Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Catalase -, Beta-Hemolytic, Bacitracin Sensitive | Hyaluronic acid capsule, M Protein, Streptolysins O and S, Pyrogenic Exotoxin, Exoenzymes | Pharyngitis, Impetigo, Erysipela, Cellulitis, Puerperal Infection, Necrotizing fasciitis, Scarlet fever, TSLS, Acute rheumatic fever, Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis | Penicillin, Erythromycin, Sulfonamides | Normal flora of skin and oropharynx, causing infection with penetration of tissues | (blank) |
| Strep pneumoniae | Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Lancet-shaped diplococci, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin sensitive | Capsule, Pneumolysin | Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia, Meningitis (adult), Otitis media, Sinusitis, Chronic bronchitis, Conjunctivitis | Penicillin, Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Vanc | Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract; Meningitis with spread from sinusitis or otitis media | Prevnar (Infants) and Pnuemovax (adults)
|
| Strep agalactiae | Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Paired cocci, Catalase -, Beta-hemolytic, Bacitracin resistant | Capsule, Sialic acid
| Neonatal pneumonia and Meningitis
| Penicillin G +/- Gent, Vanc, Ampicillin + Gent
| Normal flora of vagina; Vertical transmission at birth
| (blank) |
| Strep viridans | Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Catalase -, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin resistant | Glycocalyx, Lipoteichoic acid, Glucans
| Dental Caries, Subacute endocarditis
| Penicillin + Gent, Vanc
| Carried in mouth
| (blank) |
| Clostridium perfringens | Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - | Enterotoxins, Alpha toxin | Food poisoning, Gas gangrene, Endometritis, Cellulitis | Penicillin G, Metronidazole, Hyperbaric oxygen | Spores in soil, dust, and air, entering wound sites | (blank) |
| Clostridium tetani | Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - | Spore-forming; toxin blocks inhibition--> lock jaw, opisthotonic posturing | Lockjaw/opisthotonic | Metronidazole, Tetanus anti-toxin, Respiratory support, Control of rigidity and spasms with benzodiazepines | Spores occur in soil and disease occurs by entry of spores into wound sites; umbilical stump infection in neonates | vaccine: DPT |
| Clostridium difficile | Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - | Flagella, spores with enterotoxins | Pseudomembranous colitis, Bloody diarrhea | IV Metronidazole, Oral Vancomycin, Water and electrolytes | Spores infecting wound sites | (blank) |
| Clostridium botulinum | Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - | Blocks acetylcholine release | Diffuse paralysis | Botulinum anti-toxin, Metronidazole, Vanc | Airborne spores | (blank) |
| E. coli | Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes,
Lactose fermenting | Type I fimbriae | Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, UTI with indwelling catheter, Neonatal Meningitis | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) |
| ETEC | Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
| CFA pili, LT Toxin (cholera-like), ST Toxin; Non-Invasive | Watery, secretory diarrhea known as Traveler's Diarrhea | Fluid and electrolyte replacement | (blank) | Sources: Salads, fruits, vegetables |
| EPEC | Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
| No enterotoxins | Secretory and Mucoid Diarrhea | Fluid and electrolyte replacement | (blank) | (blank) |
| EAgEC | Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
| (blank) | Secretory Diarrhea | Fluid and electrolyte replacement | (blank) | (blank) |
| EHEC | Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
| Bfp Pilus, Shiga toxin | Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Colitis | (blank) | (blank) | Type: O157:H7
Sources: Beef, Apple juice, Radishes |
| EIEC | Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
| Shigella-like Toxin | Blood, pus, and mucous in diarrhea | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) |
| UPEC | Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
| (blank) | Cystitis, Neonatal Meningitis, UTI, Pyelonephritis | Ampicillin, Bactrim, Ampicillin + Gentamycin | (blank) | (blank) |
