Skull & Sinus
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| How many bones make up the cranium? | 8
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| The cranial bones are ridgedly jointed together by articulations called? | sutures
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| Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones? | coronal
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| What is the smooth area above and between the eyebrows? | glabella
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| The zygomatic arches are a part of which cranial bones? | temporal bone
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| Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing? | temporal bone
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| The largest and most dense bone in the face is the ____. | mandible
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| Which skull type is considered NARROW from side to side? | dolichocephalic
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| What is the name of the middle part of the ear? | tympanic membrane
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| What is located in the internal ear? | semi-circular canals
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| What should be seen superimposed on a lateral projection of the skull? | Orbital Roofs, TMJ's and EAM
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| Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli? | Caldwell
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| Which of the following is PERPENDICULAR to the plane of the IR for a Caldwell projection of the skull? | OML
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| Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwell), What CR angle could be used if the AP axial projection is used instead? | 15* Cephalad
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| Which of the lines is placed PERPENDICULAR to the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection? | IOML
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| If the IOML is placed PERPENDICULAR to the IR during and AP axial (Towne) projection of the skull, how much should the CR be angled? | 37*
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| What is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial (Towne) projection of the skull? | dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes
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| What is the CR angulation for demonstration of the entire foramen magnum during an AP axial (Towne) projection? | 40-60* caudal
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| Which methods will clearly demonstrate the petrous ridges, foramen magnum, dorsum sellae, and posterior clinoid processes? | Haas & Schuller
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| What is the average CR angle for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull? | 25* cephalad
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| Which line should be placed PARALLEL to the IR for the SMV projection? | IOML
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| In what projection are the mastoid processes, spehnoid sinuses, and the carotid canals clearly demonstrated? | SMV
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| Name the bones that make up the calvarium: | frontal, parietal(2) and occipital
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| The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborns skull are called the _____. | fontanels
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| Which of the foramen lie in the sphenoid bone? | optic foramen and foramina rotundum
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| The base of the anterior portion of the OCCIPITAL BONE contains 2 large openings that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through. These 2 openings are called: | jugular foramen
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| Which facial bone contains a foramen through which the tear duct passes? | lacrimal bone
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| Which 2 bones form the roof of the mouth? | Maxillae and palatine
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| Which parts of the patient's face touch the IR for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection? | forehead and nose
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| Which of the following is not one of the essential projection methods of demonstrating the mastoid processes? | Mayer
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| What type of joint is the TMJ? | synovial - hinge and gliding
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| Which cranial bone contains the sella turcica? | Sphenoid
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| For the lateral projection of the facial bones the CR will enter___. | halfway between outer canthus and EAM
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| What is another name for the parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones? | Waters
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| For the waters view, the OML should be placed at what angle to the IR? | 37*
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| The parietoacanthial projection (Waters view) of the facial bones is often modified so that there is less angulation of the facial bones. For this modification, the OML is adjusted to what degree? | 55*
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| What positioning line is placed PERPENDICULAR to the IR for the acanthioparietal projection (reverse Waters) of the facial bones? | MML
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| On which of the following projections will BOTH zygomatic arches be demonstrated? 1.Tangental 2.SMV 3.AP axial | SMV and Towne (AP Axial)
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| Which of the following are true regarding the lateral projection of the nasal bones? 1. occlusal IR may be used 2. both sides are done for comparison 3.the IPL is perpendicular to the tabletop | 1, 2 and 3
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| For the tangential projection of the zygomatic arches, the head is positioned so that MSP is ____. | 15* towards the examined side
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| For the tangential projection of the zygomatic arches, the TOP OF THE HEAD is TILTED how many degrees? | 15* away from the examined side
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| For the tangential projection of the zygomatic arches, the CR is directed PERP to the _____: | IOML
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| What is the CR angulation for the AP axial projection of the zygomatic arches? | 30* caudad
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| Which of the following is centered to the IR for the PA projection of the mandibular rami? | tip of nose
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| What is the CR angulation for the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible? | 25* cephalad
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| What is the CR angulation for the axiolateral oblique projection of the TMJs? | 15* caudad
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| At what level will the CR be place for the tangential projection of the zygomatic arches? | at a level 1" posterior to outer canthus
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| Which projections would demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses? | Lateral, SMV and PA Axial (caldwell)
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| Which of the sinuses is developed at birth and visible radiographically? | Maxillary
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| Where are the petrous ridges seen on a parietoacanthial (Waters) radiograph? | inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses
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| The largest sinus is the ___ | maxillary
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| Which sinus is located directly below the sella turcica? | sphenoidal
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| Which sinus group is located between the vertical plates of the frontal bone? | frontal
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| Which sinus group is located within the lateral masses of labyriths? | ethmoidal
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| When performing sinus x-rays the patient must always be in the upright to _______: | demonstrate fluid levels
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| For a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses the CR is directed _____: | 1" posterior to outer canthus
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| Which projection will best demonstrate the frontal sinuses? | PA caldwell
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| Which sinus group is projected through the open mouth on the open-mouth modification of the Waters method? | sphenoidal sinus
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| For the open-mouth Waters method, the CR should exit the _____: | the open mouth
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| Which sinus is located in the frontal bone? | frontal sinus
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| Which sinus is located just lateral to the nose? | maxillary
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| Which sinus is located inferior to the frontal sinus? | ethmoidal
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| Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a LATERAL projection of the paranasal sinuses? 1. all 4 sinus groups 2.superimposed orbital roofs 3.superimposed mandibular rami | 1,2 and 3
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| Which projections will best demonstrate the frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses? | Caldwell only
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| What is prjected below the maxillary sinuses for the Waters method of the sinuses? | Petrous ridges
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| The Waters method of the sinuses requires the OML to be placed how many degrees from the plane of the IR? | 37*
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| What sinus projection would best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses? | waters view
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| To successfully demonstrate the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses on the SMV projection, which of the following must occur: 1.patient must be recumbent 2.IOML is parallel to IR 3.CR must be perp to IOML and horizontal | IOML is // to IR and CR must be perp to IOML and horizontal
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| At which level should the CR enter the base of he skull for the SMV projection of the sinuses? | 3/4" post to EAM
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| Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses? | lateral, caldwell and SMV
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| The respiration phase for all projections of the facial bones and sinuses is: | suspend
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| The two ethmoidal sinuses are located within which bone? | ethmoid
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| Where is the IR centered for the Waters projection of the sinuses? | acanthion
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| Where are the petrous ridges seen on a Waters image? | below maxillary sinuses
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| The CR angle for a Caldwell projection of the sinuses is ____. | 15* caudad
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| Which reference line is positioned horizontal to ensure proper extension of the head during a lateral projection of the sinuses? | IOML
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| Which of the following foramina are demonstrated in the orbit on a Waters image? | rotundum
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| How many bones make up the face? | 14
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| Which bones has condyles that articulate with the atalas of the C spine? | occipital
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| The cranial bone that provides a depression to house the pituitary gland is the ______ bone. | sphenoid
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| The radiographically significant landmark that is the midpont of the ant nasal spine is the _____. | acanthion
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| Name the three auditory ossicles: | incus, stapes, malleus
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| The vestibulocochlear organ of hearning is the organ of: | hearning and balance
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| Which of the following are contained on the floor of the cranium? | ethmoid, sphenoid and temporal
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| Is the maxillae a cranial or facial bone? | facial
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| Which bones contain air sinuses? | ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid
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| The thickest and densest portion in the cranium in the: | petrous portion of the temporal bone
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| The large aperature in the occipital bone, through which the medulla oblangata and the spinal cord exit is the: | foramen magnum
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| On which cranial bone is the cribiform plate located? | ethmoid
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| On which cranial bone is the crista galli located? | ethmoid
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| On which cranial bone is the perpendicular plate located? | ethmoid
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| Which cranial bone has both greater and lesse wings? | sphenoid
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| With which cranial bone does the 1st cervical vertebra articulate? | occipital
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| The pterygoid processes project inferiorly from which cranial bone? | sphenoid
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| What bone forms 3/4 of the roof of the mouth? | maxilla
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| What two bones contain alveolar processes? | mandible and maxillary
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| The vertical portions of this bone extend upward between the maxillae and pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone in the posterior nasal cavity? | palatine
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| What long, narrow and very thin bones extend diagonally and inferiorly from lateral walls of nasal cavity at its lower third? | inferior nasal conchae
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| What are the two smallest bones of the skull that are located in the anterior part of the medial walls of orbits between labyrinth of ethmoid and maxilla called? | lacrimal
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| What forms part of the lateral walls and most of the floor of the nasal cavity? | maxilla
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| What is the thin plate fo bone situated in MSP of floor of nasal cavity? | Vomer
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| What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone? | Hyoid
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