Imaging Adler CH 2&3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What makes the rotor spin? | Stator
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| Where does the source of electrons come from? | Cathode
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| 3 names for a positive anode are... | target, source, focal source
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| What charge does a cathode hold? What charge does an anode hold? | negative
Positive
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| What is the boiling off of electrons? | Thermionic emission
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| The tendency of the space charge not to allow more electrons to be boiled off of the filament | space charge effect
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| what is the angle range for anodes? what is the most common angle? | 5 degree- 20 degree angles
12 degree angle
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| what size filament would you use to x-ray extremities? What size for abdomen? | small; large
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| Radiation leakage should not exceed more than________________. | 100mR/hr
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| what is the atomic # for tungsten? | 74
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| rotor speed goes up to__________. | 10000RPM's
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| dropping one electron into empty hole producing electron photons | cascaid effect
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| What shell are diagnostic photons from? | K shell
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| What # does the tungsten k shell hold? | 69 or 69.5
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| What type of interaction interacts with the electro magnetic field of an atom? | Bremsstrahlung
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| What type of interaction interacts with an electron and uses the cascaid effect? | Characteristic
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| In a Bremsstrahlung interaction the closer the nucleus to the incident electron the ________ the energy level of the photon will be. | Higher
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| You will always have bothe characteristic and brem interactions unless kVp goes below____ than its 100% brem. | 69kVp
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| Projectile in motion | incident electron
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| Primary factors that affect quantity which of these factors also affects Quality? | mAs, SID, kVp ;
kVp
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| What is AEC? | Automatic Exposure Controls
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| What is the maximum variable of kVp? | +or- 5%kVp
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| % of voltage ripple for single phase generators; 3 phase 6 pulse; 3 phase 12 pulse; high frequency? | 100%; 13%; 4%; 1%
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| What are the max variabilities of exposure timer? | +or- 5% for times less than 10ms
+or- 10% for times greater than 10ms
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| the amount of current supplied to the tube | mA
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| the effective focal spot is ___________ than the actual focal spot.What principle? | smaller; line focus principle
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| the steeper the angle the__________ the effective focal spot | smaller
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| more intense radiation exiting the tube toward the cathode side | The anode heel effect
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| thicker body part under cathode(-) end | FAT CAT
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| 3 components of inherent filtration | the glass envelope, the surrounding oil, the window
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| any thing after the window is what type of filtration? | added
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| the filtration that is permanently in the path of the x-ray beam | inherent
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| inherent + added filtration = | total filtration
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| the amount of filtration that reduces the intensity to one half the original value | half value layer (HVL)
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| inherent filtration (window)thickness | 0.5 mm Al
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| added filtration (apeture diapragm) thickness | 1.0 mm Al
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| mirror thickness; total filtration = | 1.0 mm Al; 2.5 mm Al
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| the amount of heat produced from any given exposure | Heat Units (HU)
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| types of compensating filters | wedge and trough
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| single phase GF | 1.00
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| 3 phase 6 pulse GF | 1.35
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| 3 phase 12 pulse GF | 1.41
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| high frequency GF | 1.45
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| Heat unit formula | mA x time x kVp x generator factor =HU
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| on a tube rating chart what does above the line mean? At or below line? | unsafe; safe
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| when tungsten starts evaporating and settling on the inside of glass envelope its called____ | arcing
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| what are the 2 types of electrodes in a tube? | cathode (-) and anode (+)
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| Higher kVp and thicker body part = | more scatter
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| 3 characteristics of attenuation | absorption, scatter, transmition
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| other words for primary beam are.... | effective beam and useful beam
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| anatomic tissue absorb and transmit differently based on their composition | differential absorption
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| other names for coherent scattering | thompson or classical scattering
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| to ionize you must have_____ or ______ energy | = or greater
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| coherent scattering energy level | below 10 keV
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| in coherent scattering there is____ energy transfered, ____ energy lost, ____ ionization just ________ in direction | no, no, no. change
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| photon that has been energized | photo electron
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| incoming x-ray photon interacts with an inner shell electron and removes the electron | photoelectric interaction (in the body)
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| compton effect | scattering in the body
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| x-ray photon interacts with nucleus of an atom and disappears results in creation of positron and negatron | pair production
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| what is minimum Mega electron Volt? | 1.02 MeV
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| PET | Positron Emission Tomography
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| X-ray photon absorbed by nucleus, its raised to an excited state and emits a nuclear fragment | Photodisentigration
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| photodisentigration requires a minimum of ____MeV | 10 MeV
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| Attenuation is decreased 50% for each __ to __ cm of tissue thickness | 4 to 5 cm
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| Higher kVp _______ energy and _________ beam attenuation | increase; decrease
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| remnant or exit radiation is composed of _________ & __________ radiation | scattered, transmitted
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| 2 types of distortion | shape or size (true/ magnification)
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| the way a beam is going through matter | projection
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| for digital Radiography (DR) window width (WW) is ____________ and window level (WL)is __________ | contrast; brightness
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| amount of light transmitted through film | density
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| more differences in color less difference in color | high contrast short scale
low contrast long scale
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| smallest object recorded- sharpness- | spatial resolution
recorded detail
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