Disease to know for APES exam
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| The 7 deadliest infectious diseases are: | Pneumonia and flu, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitus B, measles
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| Tuberculosis | bacterial disease that is on the rise again due to the fact that many don't know they have it, little screening/control programs and genetic resistance to antibiotics. Population growth/urbanization/air travel has allowed to spread far and fast
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| Slowing the spread of tuberculosis requires | early identification and treatment for people w/TB, money funded to getting expensive combinations of drugs, patient must take medicine as directed-not until cough clears up
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| Influenza (the biggest virus killer!) | virus transmitted body fluids and airborne emissions. Hygiene is the best prevention-washing hands, don't touch face, stay away from sick people
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| HIV | 2nd deadliest virus. drugs that prolong life cost 25,000+/yr. poor and developing countries can't afford this.
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| How to slow spread of HIV | reduce the # of new infections through education w/focus on high-risk groups,also give high-risk groups free HIV testing, educated the children about safe sex,provide free/low cost medicines and increase research
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| Hepatitis B | 3rd viral killer that damages liver and spread in same ways as HIV
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| West Nile Virus | transmitted by mosquitoes that have been infected by feeding on birds. Causes encephalitus and meningitis.
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| SARS | Appeared in China in 2002.Flu-like symptoms that can turn into life-threatening pnemonia and spread easily
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| Malaria | 1 in 5 are at risk of catching this parasite that is transmitted by mosquitoes. infects/destroys red blood cell causing fever,chills,headaches,vomiting,weakness and immune supression.kills 1-2 million a year!killed more than all wars ever fought!
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| Life cycle of malaria | uninfected female mosquito bites a person who is infected w/parasite,that mosquito then transfer that parasite to another person who is not infected. the parasite moves to blood and liver and multiplies.
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| Hurdles of treating malaria | now many mosquitoes are resistant to insecticides and the parasites are genetically resistant to anti-malarial drugs, clearing tropical forests spreads it among workers and settlers, global warming is extending range of parasite and mosquito
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| Possible solutions to malaria problems | find funding to develop new anti-malarial drugs and vaccines,genetically engineer mosquitoes to resist parasite,provide poor w/inexpensive insecticide treated bed nets and window screen,supplements that boost resistance in children,pesticides in homes
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| carcinogen | causes cancer
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| mutagen | chemicals or radiation that causes genetic mutations EX)nitrous acid formed by the digestion of nitrite in wine and processed meat, can cause mutations linked to stomach cancer
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| teratogen | chemicals that cause harm or birth defects to fetus or embryo ex)alchohol, lead,mercury, PCB's,vinyl chloride
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| PCB's-what are they and where are they from? | chlorine-containing cmpds that can be solid,liquid or even gaseous.Used until 1977 in lubricants,transformers,fabrics, preservatives and pesticides.can lead to liver and other cancers,learning problems. persistant chemicals lead to biomagnification.
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| neurotoxins | harm nervous system leading to ADD, mental impairment, behavior changes, paralysis and death. EX)PCS's, lead,aresenic and some pesticides
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| Mercury-a potent teratogen and neurotoxin | releasde by some natural sources such as volcanoes but also from coal powerplants,incinerators,gold&silver mines.persistant in environment and seems to acculumate in Arctic.Biomagnified in food chain.we inhale vapors or eat it. major brain damage in fetus
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| HHA (hormone acting agents) | mimic hormones and can impair reproductive systems and sexual development and cause physical and behavior disorders EX) DDT, mercury, PCB's, bisphenol A (in plastics that leech out this chemical in food and water, especially when heated)
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