Postural final
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| What makes up 60% of the normal gait cycle? | Stance phase
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| Most problems of gait become apparent when? | weight bearing, stance phase
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| What are the four steps of the stance phase of gait? | 1. heel strike, 2. foot flat, 3. midstance, 4. push-off (toe-off)
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| What makes up 40% of the normal gait cycle? | swing phase
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| What are the three steps of swing phase? | 1. acceleration, 2. midswing, 3. deceleration
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| What is the measurement of the width of the base? | 2-4 inches heel to heel
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| Center of gravity should be no more than what? | no more than 2 inches of vertical oscillation
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| What is needed during all phases of stance to maintain center of gravity (except heel strike)? | knee flexion
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| How much do the pelvis and trunk shift laterally to the wt bearing side? | 1 inch
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| What is the average length of step? | 15 inches
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| What is a cadence? | 90-120 steps/minute
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| Pelvis rotation during swing phase: ___ degrees aroud opposite hip in stance | 40 degrees
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| If a pt has a problem, during stance what is usually seen? | antalgic gait
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| If a pt has a heel spur what might their gait look like | pt may hop onto involved foot to avoid heel strike
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| if a pt has weak quads, or fusion what might their gait oresent as? | normally extended, (unstable knee gait)
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| Pt may have an issue in midstance on their foot d/t? | pain from arthritic changes, calluses over matatarsal heads, corns on dorsum of toes. Wt is borne equally over all aspects of ft.
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| midstance knee issue | weak quads, unstable knee - hold knee in bent position
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| hip issues in midstance | glut med lurch, or glut max lurch
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| Foot issues with push-off | hallux rigidus, metatarsalgia (callosities with dropped arch) - push off from lat side of forefoot (corns on 4th and 5th toes, shoe crease)
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| issues with knee during push off | calcaneal gait (flat-footed gait)
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| In acceleration what is needed to clear foot off ground? | dorsiflexor activity
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| What is maximum knee flexion needed to clear the ground in acceleration? | 65 degrees of knee flexion
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| What exaggerates pelvic thrust anteriorly in acceleration? | weak quads
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| What are two problems with midswing? | weak ankle dorsiflexors: toe scrape, steppage gait
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| What is needed in deceleration for a smooth heel strike? | eccentric hamstring contraction for controlled smooth heel strike
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| What will weak hams cause? | harsh heel strike, heel pad thickening, knee hyperextension (back knee gait)
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| what is the avg angle of the cervical curve? | 40 degrees
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| what is the min and max angle of the cerv curve? | min is 35 and max is 45
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| What is the average jochumsen cerv lordosis measurement? | 3-8 mm
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| what is the min and max jochumsen cerv lordosis measurements? | min is 1 mm and max is 9 mm
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| what is the avg depth of the cerv curve? | 12 mm
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| what is the min and max depth of the cerv curve? | 7 is min 17 is max
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| what is the avg drexler cerv lordosis number? | 40 degrees
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| what is the min and max drexler cerv lordosis? | 16 is min and max is 60
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| Hyperlordosis of cerv spine may lead to? and is associated with what? | may lead to facet jamming, and is associtaed with kyphotic t-spine
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| What is a swan neck deformity of the c-spine? what is is secondary to? | complete reversal of lordosis, secondary to surgical instability
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| What is a red flag for ligament instability in the c-spine? | acute angular kyphosis
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| What is the cervical gravity line? | plumb line measurement from the apex of the dens which should intersect c7 body
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| In forward head cariage what happens to the cerv gravity line? | falls way anterior to the c7 body
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| What four things alter T-spine kyphosis? | compression fxs, osteoporosis, disc degen, scheuermanns dz (rusty)
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| What is the normal lumbar lordosis? | 50-60 degrees
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| what is the normal lumbosacral angle? | 26-57 degrees
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| What are two other names for lumbosacral angle? | Fergusons angle, and sacral base angle
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| what is the mean for lumbosarcral angle? | 41 degrees
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| What causes overpronation during one legged standing? | tib anterior weakness
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| what causes LE external rotation? | overactive piriformis, adductor weakness
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| What causes pelvis unlevelving during one legged standing tests, leg length and hip abduction tests? | glut med weakness, QL/TFL hypertonicity
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| what causes an anterior pelvic tilt? | glut max weakness, ES and or iliopsoas hypertonicity
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| What causes thoracolumbar hypertrophy? | glut max/multifidius, abdomincal weakness.
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| What are you checking quality wise with one leg standing test? | exvessive LE motion, pelvis/shoulder unleveling, overall posture
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| What are correlations with one leg standing test? | hip abduction test, over-pronation/mid-stance during gait
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| What is a tx for one leg standing test | sensory motor training, glut med facilitation
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| What are you checking quality wise with the squat strength/coordination test? | heel rise, knee varus/valgus, loss of lordosis/stooped position, poor balance
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| What are correlations with squat test? | endurance of fluts/quads, hip extension/back extension test
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| what is advice to give someone for squat test? | maintain lordosis while lifting
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| what are manipulations associtaed with squat test? | foot, ankle, hip, si
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| what should be stretched with squat test? | hamstrings, gastro-soleus, adductors
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| what are some coordination/endurance exercises for squat test? | bridging, squatting, lunging
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| What are you checking the quality of with the trunk flexion test? | heel raise, and lumbar spine hyperextension
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| What are |
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| what is the avg angle of the cervical curve? | 40 degrees
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| what is the min and max angle of the cerv curve? | min is 35 and max is 45
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| What is the average jochumsen cerv lordosis measurement? | 3-8 mm
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| what is the min and max jochumsen cerv lordosis measurements? | min is 1 mm and max is 9 mm
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| what is the avg depth of the cerv curve? | 12 mm
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| what is the min and max depth of the cerv curve? | 7 is min 17 is max
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| what is the avg drexler cerv lordosis number? | 40 degrees
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| what is the min and max drexler cerv lordosis? | 16 is min and max is 60
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| Hyperlordosis of cerv spine may lead to? and is associated with what? | may lead to facet jamming, and is associtaed with kyphotic t-spine
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| What is a swan neck deformity of the c-spine? what is is secondary to? | complete reversal of lordosis, secondary to surgical instability
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| What is a red flag for ligament instability in the c-spine? | acute angular kyphosis
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| What is the cervical gravity line? | plumb line measurement from the apex of the dens which should intersect c7 body
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| In forward head cariage what happens to the cerv gravity line? | falls way anterior to the c7 body
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| What four things alter T-spine kyphosis? | compression fxs, osteoporosis, disc degen, scheuermanns dz (rusty)
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| What is the normal lumbar lordosis? | 50-60 degrees
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| what is the normal lumbosacral angle? | 26-57 degrees
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| What are two other names for lumbosacral angle? | Fergusons angle, and sacral base angle
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| what is the mean for lumbosarcral angle? | 41 degrees
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| What causes overpronation during one legged standing? | tib anterior weakness
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| what causes LE external rotation? | overactive piriformis, adductor weakness
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| What causes pelvis unlevelving during one legged standing tests, leg length and hip abduction tests? | glut med weakness, QL/TFL hypertonicity
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| what causes an anterior pelvic tilt? | glut max weakness, ES and or iliopsoas hypertonicity
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| What causes thoracolumbar hypertrophy? | glut max/multifidius, abdomincal weakness.
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| What are you checking quality wise with one leg standing test? | exvessive LE motion, pelvis/shoulder unleveling, overall posture
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| What are correlations with one leg standing test? | hip abduction test, over-pronation/mid-stance during gait
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| What is a tx for one leg standing test | sensory motor training, glut med facilitation
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| What are you checking quality wise with the squat strength/coordination test? | heel rise, knee varus/valgus, loss of lordosis/stooped position, poor balance
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| What are correlations with squat test? | endurance of fluts/quads, hip extension/back extension test
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| what is advice to give someone for squat test? | maintain lordosis while lifting
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| what are manipulations associtaed with squat test? | foot, ankle, hip, si
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| what should be stretched with squat test? | hamstrings, gastro-soleus, adductors
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| what are some coordination/endurance exercises for squat test? | bridging, squatting, lunging
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| What are you checking the quality of with the trunk flexion test? | heel raise, and lumbar spine hyperextension
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| What are correlations with trunk flexion test | inhibited rect ab, overative T/L, paraspinals, iliopsoas, repeated trunk flexion curl test, ant pelvic tilt
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| Whats some advice for trunk flex test? | abdomincal co-contraction during lifting
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| what is a manipulation for trunk flexion test? | l-spine
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| what should be stretched with trunk flexion test? | iliopsoas, ES
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| what are some coordination/endurance exercises for trunk flex test? | pelvic tilts, dead bugs, respiration training
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| Hip extension tests quality of? | l-spine hyperextension, T/L mm contraction, glut max quiet, ant pelvic tilt, knee flexion, trunk/shouldert movt
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| what are correlations with hip exten test? | poor prox stability, facet overload, squat/back extensor tests, toe off during gait
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| advice with hip ext test? | proper lifting tech, arising from sitting, gait re-education
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| what is a manipulation with hip ext test? | hip, LS, TL junc, Si, fib head, feet
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| what should be stretched with hip ext test? | ilipsoas, rect fem, hamstrings, ES
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| coordination exercises for hip ext? | pelvis tilting, bridges, rocker board, squats, lunges
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| qualities of what with hip abduction test? | limited ROM, hip hiking, trunk rotation, overactive adductors, QL, TFL pelvis unleveling, one leg standing
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| advice for hip abduction test? | gait re-education
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| manipulation with hip abduct test? | hip, LS, si, l2-l3, feet
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| stretches for hip abduct test? | piriformis, adductors, QL, tfl, ilipsoas
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| coordination/endurance exercises for hip abduct test? | one leg bridge, leg abductions, lunges, rocker board
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| what are some other factors associated withhip abduct test? | leg length in=, hyperpronation syndrome
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| qualities of back extension test? | shaking, loses horizontal posture
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| coreelations of static back ext test? | endurance of multifidi, gluts, hams
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| advice for static back est? | lifting
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| manipulation with static back ext? | hip joint extension, TL, lumbar spine
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| stretches for static back ext? | iliopsoas, ES
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| coordination for static back ext? | quadruped cross crawl, superman (that hoe).
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| Winged scap dt? | weak serratus ant, hyperactive rhomboids
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| elevated shoulder dt? | inhib lower traps/s. ant, hyperactive upper trap/l. scap
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| forward head posture d/t? | inhib deep neck flexors, hyperactive scm/suboccipitals
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| round shoulders/protracted scap dt? | weak mid traps, hypertonic pecs
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| internally rotated arms dt? | weak mid traps, hypertonic pecs and lat dorsi
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| suboccipital/upper trap hypertonicity if greater standing may be due to? | forward drawn pelvic posture (weak glut max, short psoas, hypermobile LS
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| qualities of arm abduction test? | hiking of shoulder before 60 degrees abduction, primary GH movt
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| correlations with arm abduction test? | inhibit lower traps/s, antm hyperactive upper trap/l. scap, elevated shoulder
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| advice with arm abduction test? | proper breathing, brugger, workstation, scap stabilixation during exercise (rows, pull downs, pec decs)
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| manipulation with arm abdcution test? | AC, SC, ct junc
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| stretches for arm abduction test? | upper trap, l scap, pecs, subscap, l dorsi
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| facilitation exercises for arm abduct test? | abdomincal resp, scap depression
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| qualities of neck felxion test? | jull modifications, head up and down, chin jutting, difficult recovery
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| correlations of neck flex test | inhib deep neck flexors, hyperactive scm, suboccipital, palpations FHP FPP, round shoulders
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| advice for neck flex test | chin leadings, proper breathing, bruggers, glasses
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| manipulation of neck flex test | c0-c1, ct, upper ribs
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| stretches for neck flex test | scalenes, suboccipitals
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| facilitation exercises for neck flex test | abdominal resp, deep neck flexors
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| quality of push up test, 2 positions | Toes: scap - winging, retraction elevation... Same for all fours
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| correlations of push up test | weak s. ant, overactive rhomboids, upper trap, l scap
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| advice for push up test | avoid slumped positions
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| manipulation for push up test | upper t spine in extension
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| stretches for push up test | upper traps, l scap, pecs
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| facilitation exercises for push up test | push up with plus, serratus punches
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| qualities of resp test | done standing, seated, or supine: belly protrusion, horizontal expansion, clavicle, shoulder elevation
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| correlations with resp test | overactivity of scalenes and upper trap
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| advice for resp test | avoid slumped positions
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| manipulation for resp test | ribs 1-4 into depression
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| stretches for resp test | upper traps, l scap, pecs, scalenes
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| facilitation exercises for resp test | diaphragm, ygoa
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