Fractures and Pathology
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| subluxation | partial dislocation of bone from joint, example a vertebrae pushed posteriorly
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| sprain | tear or rupture in ligaments supporting a joint from the twisting or wrenching motion
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| contusion | bruising of the bone
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| dislocation | bone displaced from its joint
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| subluxation | partial dislocation, example a vertebrae pushed posteriorly
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| sprain | partial rupture or tearing of ligaments or tendons in a joint from a f
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| incomplete | fracture does not transverse through entire bone, two types torus fx and greenstick. most common in children
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| transverse | Complete fracture at a right angle to long axis of bone
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| oblique | Complete fracture passing through at an oblique angle
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| spiral | Complete fracture from twisting of long bone where the fracture spirals around the bone
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| comminuted | bone is splintered or crushed at the site of impact into two or more fragments
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| avulsion | result of severe stress to a tendon or ligament where part of the bone is pulled away or separated
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| butterfly | comminuted fracture where two fragments on each side of a main wedge shaped separate fragment has some resemblance to wings
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| segmental | type of fracture where to fracture lines isolate a distinct segment of bone.
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| greenstick | fracture on one side only, the other side is bent like a stubborn green twig
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| torus | buckle of the outer cortex of the bone, not necessarily a complete break or dislocation
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| baseball (mallet) | fracture of the distal phalanx caused by ball striking and extended finger
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| bennet's | Longitudinal fracture of first metacarpal where fracture line enters first cmc joint
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| boxer's | fracture of the distal fifth metacarpal, usually from punching something hence the name
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| epiphyseal fx | fracture throughout the joint of the epiphysis and shaft of bone in the epiphyseal plate
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| multiple myeloma | Multiple tumors in various parts of the body affecting adults age 40-70 and potentially fatal
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| osteogenic sarcoma | Cancerous bone tumor affecting ages 10-20 primarily
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| rheumatoid arthritis | Soft tissue swelling most prevalent in wrist, and bone erosion around second and third MCP. more common in women
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| osteoporosis | Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue.
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