This is for Tulane...you probably won't find it very useful
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Pontifices | Term for Christian Bishops.
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| pontifex maximus | High priest of the College of Pontiffs in Rome. Until 254 AD. Had status as the most important religious figure. The Pope.
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| Flamines | A priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults.
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| (Flamen Dialis | High Priest of Jupiter
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| Flamen Martialis | High Priest of Mars
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| Flamen Quirinalis | High Priest of Quirinus
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| rex sacrorum | The Flamines priest chosen by the pontifex maximus to be the leader of the all.
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| Vestal Virgins | Chast priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth
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| Augurs | A basic priest
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| haruspex (pl. haruspices) | A man trained to practice haruspicy – a study of entrails of sacrificed animals
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| Venus | God of beauty/sex
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| Apollo | God of light/sun
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| Hercules | Demi-god known for his great strength
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| Bacchus | God of wine, and ecstasy
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| Capitoline Triad | Three dieties (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva) worshipped at Capitoline Hill
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| (Jupiter | King of the god/ god of lighting and thunder
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| Juno | Goddess of love, marriage, and fertility
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| Minerva | Goddess of medicine, commerce, magic, wisdom, and other dumb shit
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| Augustus/Augusta | First Emperor of the Roman Empire. Took rule in 27 BC. Declared a god after his death
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| divus / diva | A vote for the deceased by the senate to turn him into a god
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| apotheosis | The glorification of a subject to a divine level. Like Augustus did.
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| Heroon | A shrine dedicated to a ancient Greek or Roman hero and used for cult worship.
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| Augustales | Those who declared full respect and admiration to the Empire.
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| Lares Compitales | Guardian spirits of the cross-roads. In 7 BC, Augustus had alters built for them in all 265 streets of Rome.
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| Augustaeum | A temple or building dedicated to Emperor Augustus
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| Augustalium | A specific building found in Pompeii dedicated to Augustus.
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| Funeral of Julius Caesar | July 44 BC
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| Temple of Divus Julius built | 29 BC
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| First cults of Augustus & Dea Roma established in Bithynia-Pontus | 29 BC
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| Cult of Lares Augusti established at Rome | 7 BC
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| Cult of the numen Augusti established at Rome | AD 6 - It just kinda did
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| Death and deification of Augustus | AD 14
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| First temple of Divus Augustus | AD 15 at Tarraco in Spain
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| vicus (city ward) | A small neighborhood in Rome. 265 existed. Each had an elected leader and a bit of power but not much. Also applied to small, unofficial towns which sprung up (mostly military camps).
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| vicani (residents of a ward) | Someone who lived in a viscus.
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| compitum (-a) | Crossroads. The section where two important Roman roads cross.
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| Lares Compitales | Dieties of Roman religion. Kind of like Saints. Cult statues of women who were held inside at important places…like compitums and people’s homes.
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| Vicomagistri | Each Viscus elected four local magistrate who ran the police and be involved in celebrations.
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| Forenses/Campaniense/salinienses/Urbulanenses…These are names of different groups within Pompeii. They all had different voting methods, showing that different viscus’ had different cultures and methods. | Crossroads. The section where two important Roman roads cross.
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| Cistern | Ancient tool used to collect rainwater. Basically a large box structure that caught it. Used in areas where water was sparse.
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| opus signinum | A building material made of broken tile, mixed with mortar/lime and then beaten down into a solid material. Even pottery has been found in the construction.
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| Compluvium | A hole in the roof of a big Roman building to let light/air in. Sloped downward to push rain away.
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| Impluvium | A floor gutter system to wash away the rain that got through the compluvium.
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| Aqueduct | A pipe or otherwise system to transfer water long distances to where it is needed.
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| specus (water channel in the aqueduct) | the type of stone tunnel used to carry water in Roman
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| castellum aquae (water distribution tank) | A holding spot in the aqueduct for water to collect before being released.
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| Standpipe | A pushy pipe to pull water from an aqueduct. Kind of like an old school drinking fountain.
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| balneum (-a) | A smaller scale bathing house that existed all throughout Rome.
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| therma (-ae) | Large, imperial bath houses. The cool ones we should know.
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| apodyterium (dressing room), | A giant changing room. Many different areas were available from here and there were places to sit.
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| palaestra (exercise grounds) | Games, weights, and discus
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| piscina/natatio (swimming pool), | Swimming pool
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| sudatorium (dry sauna), | Swimming pool
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| caldarium (hot room) | hot bath
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| tepidarium (warm room) | warm bath
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| frigidarium (cold room) | cold bath
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| hypocaust | A heating system in which a furnace made heat and traveled through thin walls with holes in them so as to heat the bath house.
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| tubulus (-i) | The type of walls used in the hypocaust
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| tegula mammata | A type of angled roof that allowed hot and cold air to more easily travel in the bathhouse.
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| Forum Baths | Called Forum bath because it was in the forums. Built in 80BC. Slaves and free men both used but the all had to pay for it.
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| Stabian Baths; | Built in 5th century BC, before the Romans showed up. At the junction of Pompeiis two biggest streets. Largest of the three baths. Badly damaged in 62 AD
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| Central Baths | ; Intersection of Via Stabiana and Via di Nola. Built after 62 AD as part of a massive Urban renewal. State of the art
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| Suburban Baths | Public bath house built in 1st century BC. Notable for explicit sex art above lockers. Idea is that people remembered the sex scene to identify their lockers later. Also shows that erotic art not a big deal in Pompeii
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| Amphitheater Architecture |
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| Cavea | Two things, where the animals were kept before entering the arena, and also the seating system where people sat based on their place in a social higherarchy.
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| Arena | Place where people fought and shit.
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| Podium | The seat of honor in an arena. Usually reserved for the emperor.
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| Hypogeum | Underground temple of tomb. Usually reserved for bishops-saints.
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| Velarium | A type of curtain awning hanging above the arena which protected spectators from harsh elements.
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| munera (gladiatorial events) | A work of obligation or duty. The most famous was gladiator contests which was a service or gift to the dead.
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| venationes (staged hunts) | Rome would bring in wild animals for dudes to fight. Lions were most popular. Used to showcase the great power of Rome because they could get wild animals from other countries and continents.
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| naumachiae (staged naval battles) | A sorta fake battle where slaves and POW would recreate naval battles,
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| ludi (gladiatorial schools) | Schools/ barracks or prisons for those waiting to fight. Over 100 schools throughout the empire.
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| lanista | (owner of a gladiatorial company)
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| Samnite | heavily armed man with helmet, large shield, short sword and high greave on left leg
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| Secutor | similar to the Samnite and seems to have replaced it by the imperial period
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| Murmillo | “fish-like” crested helmet with visor, short greaves, sword, rectangular shield
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| Retiarius | net and trident, arm-guard, bronze plate on shoulder to protect head
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| quinquennial duovirs | A family in 25-26 AD, well known for their prominence throughout Pompeii’s history
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| M. Porcius | 95BC-46BC)
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| Stadium | …you know
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| Pentathlon | A five event competition invented in ancient Greek. First had Long Jum, Javelin, Discus, and a foot-race
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| Pugilatus | (boxing);
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| Luctatio | (wrestling);
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| Pancration | (free-style fighting);
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| Actia | A celebration of Apollo. Also a celebration of Augustus celebrating his victory over Mark Antony in 31 BC.
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| Sebasta | A rival to the Olympics, instituted in 2 AD by Augustus in honor of him. Consited of games, and well and sing and dance competitions.
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| Neronia | Festival created by Nero in 60 and 65 AD. Events were music, oratory, poetry. And then gymnastic, and then riding. Nero was a faggot.
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| Capitolinia | A Roman statue from 2nd AD. One of the best preserved.
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| Iuvenes | Name for the youth of Rome (17-35)
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| Rome | Stadium of Domitian
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| Large Palaestra | A sports center/cult hangout for youth of Rome who wished to find each other, and have a place to discuss differenting political opinions
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| Moretum | A type of herb cheese Romans ate with bread
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| Garum | Popular fermented fish sauce
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| Mulsum | Chilled with honey
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| dining space | triclinium
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| lectus imus | Far side of the chair, where host and his family sat. The lowest ranking people
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| lectus medius | Middle of chair, actually the best place to sit. Where the guest of honor was.
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| lectus summus | First three sitters. The less important guests (B>A>C)
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| ientaculum (breakfast) | Usually just a piece of bread
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| prandium | (lunch),
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| cena | (dinner)
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| courses of a dinner | gustatio/gustum
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| prima mensa | First course (veggies and meat)
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| secunda mensa | Desert
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| popina | Lower class bar. Shit food and varying wine. Scatchy shit went down here.
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| Caupona | Upper class food/wine place.
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| Caecuban | 70 AD. Considered the best wine in the world.
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| Falernian | Popular wine at 30 proof. 37BC – 200AD+
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| Apicius | (4th / 5th century AD cookbook author) He made a cookbook, alright. It has food in it and is surprisingly similar to modern cook books.
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| Isis | goddess; worshipped as ideal mother as well as matron of nature and magic; considered friend of the downtrodden; mother of Horus; sister/wife of Osiris;
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| Osiris | God of the afterlife and the dead; brother/husband of Isis; father of Horus; associted with vegetation and flooding
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| Horus | son of Isis and Osiris; falcon-headed; associated with sky/hunting/war;
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| Set | God of desert/storms/foreigners/darkness/chaos; usurper who killed own brother, Osiris; at battle with Horus after murder of Osiris (their conflict is a popular theme)
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| Sistrum | musical instrument in percussion family; played by skaking small rings to produce clanking noise; religious, shaken to frighten away Set and keep Nile River at bay; Isis often pictured holding sistrum
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| Navigum Isidis | annual fesival honoring Isis; may share origins with modern Carnival; outlives Christian Persecution in Roman Empire until post-Pompeii
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| Iseia | uhhhhh
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| Apertio | means “an opening” in Latin
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| Laudatio | means “praise or commendation” in Latin; “Laudatio Turiae” is a tombstone engraving with an epitaph from husband to wife (dates to 1st century BC, pieces found throughout Rome)
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| Imagines | images of ancestors displayed in the atrium of noble Romans; The images were arranged with a label summarizing the individual's offices held and accomplishments
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| Collegium | meaning “joined by law,” refers to any association with a legal personality (guilds, social clubs, funery societies)
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| Cena Novendialis | feast eaten 9 days after a funeral;
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| Di Manes | Roman deities of the underworld sometimes thought to represent deceased loved ones; honored during Parentalia
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| Parentalia | 9-day fesival held in Feb (15-21) honoring family ancestors; official holiday though celebrated domestically with family; involves prayers, special offerings; no official business done during period
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| Lemuria | a feast in the Ancient Rome during which the Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes; may 9, 11, 13; instituted by Romulus (myth); made May unlucky month for marriage
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| Hospitium | concept of hospitality as a divine right of the guest and a divine duty of the host
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| Caupona | places intended for the consumption of food; many found in Pompeii on busy streets;
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| Stabulum | place where travelers could find shelter for themselves and their horses (sort of an ancient Roman motel? IDK);
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| Tabernae (thermopolium) | A single room shop covered by a barrell vault within great indoor markets of ancient Rome; each taberna had a window above it to let light into a wooden attic for storage and had a wide doorway; a “retail unit" within the Roman Empire where many economic
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| Popina | Ancient Roman wine bar where a limited menu of simple foods (olives, bread, stews) and selection of wines of varying quality were available; a place for plebians of the lower classes of Roman society (slaves, freedmen, foreigners) to socialise and in Roma
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| Dolium (pl. Dolia) | is a large earthenware vase or container used in ancient Rome for storage or transportation of goods; made of clay; lined with pitch or wax
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| Triclinium | formal dining room on Roman dwelling; included reclining couches where guests sat and were often served by slaves; common in wealthy homes
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| Lupanar | most famous brothel in Pompeii; known for its erotic wall paintings; “lupanar” simply means brothel (Lupanar of Pompeii is famous one); approximately two blocks east of the forum at the intersection of Vico del Lupanare and Vico del Balcone Pensile.
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| Cella Meretricia | room for a prostitute? All I could find.Fabula palliata
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| Fabula togata | type of Roman comedy to do with dressing like the Greeks; literally means “toga-clad-stories”
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| Fabula praetexta | genre of Roman tragedy; dealt with the themes of historical Roman figures
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| Ludi scaenici | theater of ancient Rome; ranging from festival performances of street theater, nude dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of comedies, to the high-style, verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca.
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| Theater (scanea, cavea, valva regia) | “scanea” refers to scenary in theater, often a large, decorated wall behind the stage; “cavea” refers to where spectators sat in theater based on social class; “valva regia” was cenral door located in scanea wall
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| Atellana | kind of comedy in Roman theater, sometimes involving improv and use of masks; included “stock characters” of the Clown, the Simpleton, the Old Fool, the Hunchback, and the Glutton
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| Mimus | musical-comedy genre or theater; different in that it was performed without masks, which allowed women to earn a living as professional entertainers
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| Odeum | small building in ancient Rome used for performances of music or poetry
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| Ludi (Romani, Megalenses, Apollinares, Plebeii, Ceriales) | “Ludi” were public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people; held in conjunction with Roman religious festivals;
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| Romani | September 4–19 in 44 BC, September 12–15 in the 4th century AD, established according to some legends in the 6th century BC in honor of Jupiter, and at first held occasionally, not annually.
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| Megalenses | April 4–10, established 204 BC in honor of the Magna Mater in conjunction with the Megalenesia
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| Apollinares | July 6–13, first celebrated in 211 BC in honor of Apollo to secure his aid against Hannibal, and made annual in 208 BC by decree.
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| Plebeii | originally November 13, on the Ides of Jupiter, and expanded to run November 4–17; established 216 BC and held in the Circus,
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| Ceriales | April 12–19, established 202 BC in conjunction with the Cerealia April 12
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| Theatrum Maius | I think this means “large theater”
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| Theatrum Tectum | and I think this means “small theater”
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| Plautus | Roman playwright in the Old Latin period; his comedies are the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature; he wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by the innovator of Latin literature, Livius Andronicus
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| Terence | playwirght of the Roman republic; N. African descent; slave freed by his master, a senator; wrote comedies; famous quote “I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me." Vestibulum
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| Fauces | an architectural term given for a narrow passages on either side of the tablinum, through which access could be obtained from the atrium to the peristylar court in the rear.
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| Atrium | the open central court from which the enclosed rooms led off
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| Testudinatum | this atrium had no opening in the roof at all and was only seen in small, unimportant houses
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| Tetrastyle | this type had one column at each corner of the impluvium
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| Tuscanic | this type had no columns. The weight of the ceiling was carried by the rafters. though expensive to build, this seems to have been the most widespread type of atrium in the Roman house.
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| Corinthian | this type was similar to the atrium tetrastylum but had a greater opening in the roof and a greater number of columns.
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| Displuviate | the roof actually sloped towards the side walls, a large rainwater therefore ran off into other outlets than the impluvium.
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| Impluvium | shallow pool sunk into the floor to catch the rainwater; the opening in the ceiling above the pool called for some means of support for the roof
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| Compluvium | central opening in the roof of the atrium that let in light and air
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| Tablinum | was the large reception room of the house; situated between the atrium and the peristylium; generally had no wall separating it from the atrium at all and little if any walls dividing it from the peristylium. It was only separated from the atrium by a cur
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| Ala (pl. Alae) | the open rooms on each side of the atrium; originally built to let in light, but with advent of the compluvium, these became obsolete; incorporated into houses based on tradition rather than function
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| Triclinium | the Roman dining room; with the introduction of the Greek practice of reclining when eating, the triclinium was set aside as a room especially for dining in; in many houses once would find several triclinia, rooms designated as dining areas, allowing the
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| Cubiculum | the bedroom of the Roman house; o the Romans these rooms were apparently of less importance than the other rooms of the house; the ceilings were vaulted and lower above the bed, often making the room appear a cramped and stuffy place
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| Hortus | small garden often near the back of the atrium
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| Peristyle | the garden of the house; it was incorporated into the house itself and was usually surrounded by columns supporting the roof; n it were grown herbs and flowers, particularly roses, violets and lilies it appears; small statues and statuettes and other orna
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| Taberna (pl. Tabernae) | a room in the Roman house which surrounded the atrium, but which had its own entrance from the outside and didn't lead into the interior of the house; these little rooms hence could be used as shops; usually there was a brick counter to display goods by t
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| Materfamilias | appears to be same as above, but with a woman
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| Imagines Maiorum | portraits of ones ancestors displayed in the home; meant to ensure family is remembered
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| Lectus Adversus | a symbol of the sanctity of marriage (the bride was splaced upon it by the groom as part of the marriage ceremony); served only symbolic use.
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| Symposium (Greek) | a drinking party; a forum for men of good family to debate, plot, boast, or simply to revel with others. They were frequently held to celebrate the introduction of young men into aristocratic society. Symposia were also held by aristocrats to celebrate ot
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| Convivium | according to wiki, the “equivilent to symposium” in Roman society
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| Artifact Assemblage | an archaeological term meaning a group of different artifacts found in association with one another; an assemblage is a "group of artifacts recurring together at a particular time and place, and representing the sum of human activities."
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