Life Science BJU - Chapter 17 Vocab
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| An animal with a backbone. They have _____________, skulls and endoskeletons. | vertebrate
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| Made of a combination of bone and cartilage | endoskeleton
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| gives vertebrates a strong support system | bone
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| is strong but is more flexible than bone. It serves as a cushion in between joints and bones. | cartilage
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| Is a series of similar bones that support the body and protect the spinal cord | vertebral column
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| Covers and protects the brain | skull
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| carries abundant oxygen (red blood in diagrams represent this) | oxygenated blood
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| gives most of its oxygen to the body's cells and takes on carbon dioxide (the blue blood is this in diagrams) | de-oxygenated blood
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| take oxygen from water and give off carbon dioxide | gills
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| are chambers inside an animal's body where blood can obtain oxygen and give off carbon dioxide | lungs
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| helps mammals and humans to breathe; is a thin layer of muscle that separates the chest chamber from the abdomen | diaphram
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| Is made up of the brain and spinal cord | central nervous system
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| is protected by the skull | brain
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| is protected by bones of vertebral column | spinal cord
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| is made up of the nerves, sensory receptors and sensory organs | peripheral nervous system
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| is a major collection of sensory receptors and various supporting structures...normally a _______________ senses only 1 environmental factor (ex. the eye) | sensory organ
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| food enters a vertebrate's body thru the mouth, then passes the short, tubular esophagus into this...once inside it mixes the food with digestive enzymes that are already in this | stomach
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| After food is mixed, it moves here. It is the digestive organ in which most of the digestion & absorption of food occurs. | small intestine
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| 1 of the 2 organs attached to the small intestine is this, it produces a greenish fluid called bile which contains substances to help break down fats, the bile is stored in the gallbladder until needed. | liver
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| a smaller organ that makes enzymes and releases them into the small intestine...these enzymes break down sugars, starches, proteins and fats | pancreas
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| the part of the digestive tract that extend from the end of the small intestine to the anus; absorbs water and minerals | large intestine
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| filters waste from the vertebrate's blood | kidneys
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| in each kidney the wastes flow the capillaries into this which is one large tube | ureter
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| urine is collected and stored in this before it passes out of the body | urinary bladder
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| means that their body temp changes with their surroundings (ex. fish) | ectothermic
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| What does a skull protect? | brain
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| How does the number of heart chambers differ in the various major groups of vertebrate animals? | Fish have 2 chambers, reptiles and amphibians have 3 chambers, birds and mammals have 4 chambers
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| What two gases are exchanged in gills and lungs? | oxygen & carbon dioxide
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| From which sense organ in a frog does an auditory nerve carry impulses? | cranial nerves carry impulses/spinal nerves transmit them
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| Of what material is a shark's skeleton composed? | cartilage
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| What organ do sharks not have that most bony fish have? | bones
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| Which group of vertebrates is the only group to undergo metamorphosis? | frogs
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| Why are most amphibians found near water? | They live in the water when they are young. Then they can live on land and water when they are adults.
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| How are hibernation and estivation similar? How are they different? | Both slow life process; hibernation only occurs in winter
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| What does a snake detect with its tongue? | food or danger
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| What do snakes eat? | mice
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| What system does the ureter belong to? | excretory
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| What system does the spinal cord belong to? | nervous
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| What system does the diaphragm belong to? | respiratory
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| What system does the small intestine belong to? | digestive
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| What system does the artery belong to? | circulatory
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| Endoskeletons can contain both bone and cartilage? True or False | True
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| In a fish, the blood that leaves the heart goes directly to the _____________. | gills
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| Gills are found in ____________________. | fish and tadpoles
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| Sensory organs of the head are connected to the brain by ________________________. | cranial nerves
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| Food does not pass through the __________________. | pancreas
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| Because a fish is supported by an internal skeleton, we can say it is endothermic. True or False | False
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| The lamprey is a ___________________. | jawless fish
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| Amphibians are the only vertebrates that __________________________. | experience metamorphosis
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| A frog has teeth but does not chew its food. True or False | True
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| Which of these is so unique that it is in an order of reptiles all by itself? | tuatara
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| There are snake species that live in... A. desert B. jungles C. oceans D. all of these | All of these
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| Passes food from the mouth to the stomach | esophagus
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| The sac underneath the liver, stores bile | gall bladder
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| The air chambers inside an animal's body where blood can get oxygen and give off carbon dioxide are _____________. | lungs
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| Blood vessels that take the blood to the heart are called ______________. | veins
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| A dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest chamber from the abdomen in many animals and in humans is the ________________. | diaphragm
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| A fluid that carries substances both in its cells and dissolved in its liquid is _________________. | blood
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| The central nervous system includes the brain and _____________. | spinal cord
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| A structure between two heart chambers that allows blood to go only one way is a _______________. | valve
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| Blood that carries an abundant amount of oxygen is _________________. | oxygenated
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| Spinal nerves branch off the _______________. | spinal cord
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| The normal process of forcing air into and out of the lungs is called ____________________. | breathing
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| Blood vessels that take the blood away from the heart are called __________________. | arteries
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| The respiratory structures that have capillaries close to their surfaces to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the water are the ___________. | gills
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| Tiny blood vessels that allow substances to pass between the blood and body tissues are called __________________. | capillaries
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| Bile aids in the digestion of ________________. | fats
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| The kidneys connect to the urinary bladder through the _______________. | ureters
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| Blood that has had most of its oxygen given to the body's cells is called ______________________. | deoxygenated
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| The number of chambers in a fish heart is _______________. | two
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| Undigested foods leave the digestive tract through the ____________________. | anus
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| Upon leaving the stomach, food normally moves to the ____________________. | small intestine
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| What is the difference between a carnivore and a herbivore? | A carnivore (pointy teeth) eats meat and a herbivore (flat teeth) eats plants.
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| Food enters thru the ____, the ____connects the mouth to the stomach, the ______ churns & mixes enzymes w/food & begins digestion, ________ _________finish digestion & absorb nutrients into the blood stream, _______ ______ eliminates indigestible matter | mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestine
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| filters bacteria from partially digested wastes | appendix
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| Type of fish that feeds on already dead things (fish or worms) | Hagfish
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| Process of digesting food is... | ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
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| ______ filters waste, waste from cells include _______, each kidney has a _____ that carries waste to _____ _____ for storage of _________. | kidneys, urea, ureter, urinary bladder, urine
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| The birds and reptile's excretory systems empties into digestive system's large intestine for ____________. | elimination
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| The three different types of fish are ___________, ____________, &___________. | jawless, cartilage, bony
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| ________ fish do not have jaws, scales or paired fins & their skeleton is composed of cartilage. | Jawless
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| _______ fish have endoskeletons made of cartilage. They have jaws, scales and paired fins but they lack a swim bladder. | Cartilage
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| ________ fish have an endoskeleton made of bone. They have jaws, paired fins and most have scales. | Bony
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| Some fish have a _____ ______ that helps them float at a constant depth. | swim bladder
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| A fish has a _____ ______ system that includes a _____ chambered heart and blood vessels. | closed circulatory, 2
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| In a fish, blood is pumped from the heart, thru the _____, thru the body and back to the _____. While passing thru ______ and the gills, ______ diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. | gills, heart, capillaries, oxygen
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| The ______ line can detect vibrations and pressure & they are a string of sensory structures. | lateral
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| Fish reproduce by ____________. | spawning
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| The __________ egg allows vertebrates to live on land. | amniotic
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| _________ has a circular mouth for hanging onto the fish, the parasite | Lamprey
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| Class ___________ out of the vertebrates have metamorphosis. | amphibians
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| The ___________ organ allows the snake to look poisonous. | Jacobson
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