Introduction to Sociology Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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| social stratification | system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
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| social mobility | a change in position within a social hierarchy
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| caste system | social stratification based on ascription or birth
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| class system | social stratification based on birth and individual achievement
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| meritocracy | social stratification based on personal merit
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| status inconsistency | degree of uniformity in a person's social standing across various dimensions of social inequality
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| structural social mobility | a shift in the social position of large numbers of people due more to changes in society itself than to individual efforts (Depression, Baby Boom etc)
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| ideology | cultural beliefs that justofy particular social arrangements including patterns of inequality
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| Davis-Moore Thesis | assertion that social stratification exists in every society because it has beneficial consequences for the operation of society
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| capitalists | people who OWN and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits
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| proletarians | people who sell their labor for wages
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| alienation | experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness
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| blue-collar occupations | lower-prestige jobs that mostly involve manual labor
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| white-collar occupations | higher-prestige jobs that involve mostly mental activity
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| socioeconomic status (SES) | a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality
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| conspicuous consumption | buying and using products because of the statement they make about social position (ie: a BMW and high class or iPod/Apple)
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| income | earnings form work or investments
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| wealth | total value of money and other assets, minue outstanding debts
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| intragenerational mobility | change in social position WITHIN ones lifetime
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| intergenerational mobility | upward OR downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents
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| relative poverty | lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more (I only have a generic mp3 player compared to that guys iPod!)
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| absolute poverty | lack of resources that is life threatening
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| feminization of poverty | trend of women to make up an increasing proportion of the poor (think about this - why is this occuring?)
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| Karl Marx | stated that social position was related to the relationship between an individual and the means of production: owners versus workers. Owners benefitted from the labor of the workers. Believed a revolution would create a utopian communist way of life.
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| Max Weber | Believe that social position was relative to the posession of prestige, wealth and political party position (aka POWER). Did not believe that a revolution would ever occur.
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