ChiroBoards2: Obstetrics and Gynecology
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| Alpha fetoprotein | measured in pregnant women as a screening tool for developmental abnormalities
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| Alpha fetoprotein: abnormal in (2) conditions | Down Syndrome and Open Neural Tube defects
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| Amenorrhea | abnormal cessation of menses
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| Amniocentesis: done for 3 reasons | Done for the health of fetus, chromosomes, and lung maturity
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| Breast milk: deficient in (2) | vitamin D and Iron
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| Colostrum | First Breast milk
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| Dilation of the cervix (what stage?) | stretching that occurs during 1st stage of labor
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| Dysmenorrhea | painful menses
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| Dystocia | abnormal, painful, or prolonged labor
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| Effacement | Thinning of the cervix
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| Engagement | decent of the fetal skull to the level of the ischial spines
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| Hyperemesis Gravidarum | Excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
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| Laparoscopy: for | Endometriosis
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| Lightening | Baby drops into pelvis 2 weeks before delivery and causes lower abdominal pain
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| Linea Nigra | midline dark tummy streak
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| Lochia | during and post-delivery vaginal discharge
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| Lochia: colors | 1st = red; 2nd = yellow; 3rd = white
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| Mittelschmerz | pain in abdomen at ovulation
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| multiparous | more than one delivery
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| nulliparous | never given birth to viable infant
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| primpara | first preg. of viable infant
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| M/C cause of post partum Infxn | C-section
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| puerperium | time between delivery of placenta to complete involution
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| Quickening | 1st perception(felt) by the mother of a fetal life inside her
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| station | identifies fetal position in relation to the ischial spines
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| best signs of pregnancy (2) | menses 3 weeks late and presence of fetal heartbeat
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| Chadwick's sign | bluish discoloration of the vagina
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| Goodell's sign | softening of the tip of the cervix
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| Hegar's sign | softening of the isthmus of the uterus
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| Piskacek's | enlarged uterus near the uterine tube over the site of implantation
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| most common reason for post-partum hemorrage? | atonic uterus
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| Braxton Hick's contractions | early uterine contractions without cervical changes
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| m/c area affected by malignancy in female's genital tract? | cervix
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| Chloasma aka | melasma
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| Chloasma | brown hyperpigmentation of the face/"mask of pregnancy"
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| Choriocarcinoma | Malignancy of the placenta due to abnormal epithelium
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| Cystocele | Herniation of bladder into the vagina
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| Eclampsia | toxemia of pregnancy
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| Eclampsia: causes..... | hypertension, leading to convulsions
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| Endometriosis | Abnormal endometrial tissue outside the uterus
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| Endometriosis: musculoskeletal symptom | abdominal/back pain
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| M/c type of post-partum infection (bac. =___) and causes ____ | staph/strep; endometritis
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| Fibrocystic breast dx | palpable nodules in breast after ovulation with regression after menses
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| Hyatidiform mole | benign trophoblastic tissue which develops at the placenta
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| Hyatidiform mole: if malignant, is called ? | Choriocarcinoma
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| Hydatidiform mole: blood test | Very high HCG level
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| Pre-eclampsia | toxemia of pregnancy with HEP signs
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| Pre-eclampsia : HEP | Hypertension, Edema, Proteinuria
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| Rectocele | Herniation of the rectum into vagina
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| FSH: does what? | maturation of the follicle
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| HCG: does what? | promotes health of corpus leuteum; used to detect pregnancy
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| LH: does what? | most responsible for ovulation
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| oxytocin: does what? (2) | uterine contractions during labor and milk let down
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| Prolactic: does what? | milk production
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| 1st stage of labor (time span) | 1st meaningful contraction to full dilation of cervix (10cm)
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| 2nd stage of labor (time span) | From full dilation of the cervix to delivery of baby
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| 3rd stage of labor (time span) | Delivery of baby to delivery of placenta
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| 4th stage of labor (time span) | Delivery of placenta to several hours later when uterine tone helps expel any remaining contents.
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| Praevia | low lying placenta with partial obstruction of the internal os
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| Abruptio | placenta; detaches from site; premature separation causes spontaneous abortion
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| Accreta | placenta does not separate after delivery
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| Battledore placenta | umbilical cord is attached at the margin of the placenta
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| Pap Smear Classification: I | Normal
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| Pap Smear Classification: II | Atypical or benign (infxn or inflamm.)
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| Pap Smear Classification: III | dysplasia/pre-cancerous
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| Pap Smear Classification: IV | In situ/non-invasive carcinoma
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| Pap Smear Classification: V | Malignancy/invasive
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