CH 6,7,8,9
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| Adapting to high salt concentrations, which are required for growth | Extreme halophile
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| The general term used for organisms capable at growth at 0C. | Psychophiles
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| Capable of growth at high temperatures; 50-60C | Thermophiles
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| Used in a media to nuetralize acid | Buffer
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| A phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are placed in high salt concentrations | Plasmolysis
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| Term used in text organsims that grow well at refrigerator temperatures; optimum growth is at 20-30C | Psychotrophs
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| Microbes that grow better at high CO2 concentrations | Capnophiles
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| Members of the archea with an optimum growth temperature of 80C | Hyperthermophiles
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| The matrix that makes up a biofilm | Hydrogel
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| The most common microbes; their optimum temperatures are at 25-40C | Mesophiles
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| Most bacteria grow best within a narrow pH range near neutrality pH of | 6.5-7.5
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| These bacteria are responsible for acid fermentations, and are remarkably tolerant to acidity. | acidophiles
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| These do not require high salt concentrations, but they are able to grow in salt concentrations as high as 15% | Facultative halophile
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| An enzyme acting upon hydrogen peroxide. | Catalase
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| Rhizobium bacteria do this in symbiosis with leguminous plants. | Nitrogen fixation
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| Requires atmospheric oxygen to grow | Obligate aerobe
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| Requires atmospheric oxygen, but in lower than normal concentrations | Microaerophile
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| Does not use oxygen, but grows readily in its presence | Aerotolerant anaerobe
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| Does not use oxygen and usually finds it toxic | Obligate anaerobe
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| Important source of energy, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur requirements in complex media | Peptones
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| A complex polysaccharide derived from marine seaweed. | Agar
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| Breaks down hydrogen peroxide without generation of oxygen | Perioxidase
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| Formed in cytoplasm by ionizing radition | Hydroxyl radical
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| An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into oxygen an water | catalase
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| The toxic form of oxygen neutralized by superoxide dismutase | Superoxide radicals
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| A component added to some culture media that makes the Petri plate into a self-contained anaerobic chamber | Oxyrase
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| Synonym for superoxide anions | Superoxide
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| Isolation method for getting pure cultures; uses an innoculating loop to trace a pattern of inoculumn on a solid medium | Streak Plate
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| Colonies grow on agar surface for identification | Spread Plate
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| Used to increase the number of small minority of microorganisms in a mixed culture to arrive at a detectable level of microorganisms | Enrichment culture
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| Preservation method that uses quick- freezing and a high vacuum | Deep-freezing
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| Accumulations of microbes large enough to see without a microscope | Colonies
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| Microbes added to initiate growth | Inoculum
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| This makes it easier to distinguish colonies of the desired organism from other colonies growing on the same plate. | Differential media
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| These are designed to supress the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage the growth of the desired microorganisms. | Selective media
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| Usual laboratory designation for safe handling of tuberculosis bacteria | BSL-3
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| Laboratory designation for the most dangerous microorganisms, personal wear "space suits" | BSL-4
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| A routine microbiology teaching laboratory would be designated as this | BSL-1
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| New cell numbers balance by death or cells | Stationary Phase
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| No cell division, but intense metabolic activity | Lag Phase
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| A logarithmic plot of the population produces an ascending straight line | Log Phase
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| Used to grow obligate anaerobes | Reducing media
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| Designed to supress the growth of unwanted bacteria and to encourage growth of desired microbes | Selective media
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| Generally contain ingrediants such as sodium thioglycolate that chemically combine with dissolved oxygen | Reducing media
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| Nutrients are digests or extracts; axact chemical composition varies slight from batch to batch. | Complex media
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| A few bacteria and the photosynthesizing ___ are able to use gaseous nitrogen directly from the atmosphere | cyanbacteria
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| Osmotic effects are roughly related to the ___ of molecules in a given volume of solution | number
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| A complex medium in liquid form called nutrient ___ | broth
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| For preservation by ___, a pure culture of microbes is placed in a suspending liquid and quick-frozen at -50 to -95 C | Deep-Freezing
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| Bacteria usually reproduce by ___ ___ | binary fission
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| Turbidity is recorded in a spectrohotometer as ____ | absorbancy
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| The growth of filamentous organisms such as fungi is often best recorded by means of ___ ___ | dry weight
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| ___ anaerobes grow more efficiently aerobically than they do anaerobically. | Faculative
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| ___ halophiles do not require high salt concentrations, but they are able to grow at salt concentrations that may inhibit the growth of many other bacteria | Faculative
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| Examples of buffers are ___ ___,___ and ___ ___ | phosphate salts---peptones--- amino acids
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| Any nutrient material prepared for the growth of bacteria in a laboratory is called a ___ ___ | culture media
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| Agar melts at about the boiling point of water but remains liquid until the temperature drops to about __C | 40 C
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| Dilutions of a bacteria mixture are poured into a Petri dish and mixed with melted agar. This plate-counting method is called the ___ ___ ___ | pure plate method
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| Partially digested protein products used in complex media are called ___ | Peptone
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| To grow obligate intracellular parasites such as rickettsias and chlamydias, it is usually necessary to provide ___ ___ ___ | living host cells
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| The general term for tests that estimate microbial growth by the time required for them to deplete oxygen in the medium is ___ tests. | reduction
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| The ___ growth temperature is that at which the organism grows best | optimum
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| When a single colony arises from a clump of bacteria, it is recorded as an ___ ___ ___ | colony forming unit
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| The term trace elements refers to: | small mineral requirements
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| What temperature would most likely kill a mesophile? | 60C
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| What are characteristics of a biolfilm? | ---antibiotic resistant
---hydrogel
---quorum sensing
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| What type of medium would not be used to culture aerobes? | reducing media
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| An organism that peroxidase and superoxide dismutase but lacks catalase is most likely an: | aerotolerant anaerobes
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| A suffix meaning to kill | -cide
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| Destroying or removing all forms of microbial life | Sterilization
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| The absence of pathogens on an object or area | Asepsis
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| The reduction of microbial population to safe public health levels | Sanitization
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| The removal of transient microbes from skin by mechanical cleaning or by antiseptic. | Degerming
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| Heat sufficiant only to kill endospores of the botulism bacterium | Commercial Sterilization
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| A suffix used fro the inhibition of growth anf multiplication of bacteria | -stat
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| The chemical disinfection of living tissue | antisepsis
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| The destruction of vegetative pathogens on a surface, usually with chemicals | disinfection
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| The lowest temerpature required to kill a liquid culture of a certain species of bacteria in 10 minutes | Thermal death point
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| The time in minutes required to kill 90% of a bacterial population | Decimal reduction time
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| Mild heating to destory particular spoilage organisms or disease organisms in milk or similar products | Pasteuriztion
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| A test for the effectiveness of a chemical disinfectant | Phenol coefficient
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| The absence of water, resulting in a condition of dryness | Desiccation
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| The length of time required to kill all bacteria in a liquid culture at a given temperature | Thermal Death Time
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| Ethylene oxide | Gaseous chemosterillizer
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| Sodium hypochlorite | Halogen
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| Copper Sulfate | Heavy Metal
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| Silver Nitrate | Heavy Metal
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| Benzalonium chloride | Quanternary ammonium compound
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| Acid-anionic detergents | Surface- active agents
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| Sorbic acid | Organic Acid
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| Benzoyl peroxide | Oxidizing agent
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| Hexachlorophene | Bisphenol
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| Isopropanol | Alcohol
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| An effective liquid sporicide | Parecetic acid
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| A bacteriocin classified as an antibiotic | Nisin
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| Pimaricin | Natamyclin
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| A biguanphenol found in many household products | Triclosan
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| An antibiotic antifungal | Natamycin
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| Added to chlorine to form chloramines | Ammonia
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| An antibacterial effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA | Thymine dimmer
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| Formaldehyde in an aqueous solution | Formalin
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| An example would be iodine in an aqeous-alcohol solution | Tincture
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| For example, povidone-iodine solution | Iodophore
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| Chlorine in a tablet form issued as a water purifier by the US military | Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
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| Name of a test that determines if milk has been properly pasteurized. | Phosphate
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| Used as an antiseptic in certain mouthwashes | Zinc chloride
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| Used in many water treatment plants as a disinfectant; produced by electrical discharges at the site | Ozone
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| Antifungal organic compound used for food | Sodium benzoate
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| Ingredient in antidanddruff shampoo | Zinc pyrithione
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| Ultraviolet light is an example of ___ radiation | nonionizing
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| Sunlight owes it biocidal activity mainly to the formation of ___ oxygen. | singlet
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| A good example of ionizing radiation is___, ___, ___ | x-rays---gamma rays--- electron beams
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| Ethanol is usually used in a concentration of about ___% | 70%
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| A less irritating form of formaldehyde is ____ | Glutaldehyde
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| A compound that would only inhibit the growth of a fungus would be a fungi-___. | stat
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| Steam ___ ___ allows temperatures above boiling to be reached | under pressure
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| Steam under pressure is obtained in retorts, pressure cookers, and ___. | autoclaves
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| Supercritical ___ is used for decontaminating foods and medical implants | carbon dioxide
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| Generally speaking, the group of organisms that is more resistant to osmotic pressure than bacteria is ___ | fungi
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| What process does not kills endospores? | pasteurization
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| What is the most effective for sterilizing mattresses and plastic petri dishes? | ethylene oxide
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| What disinfectants act by disrupting the plasma membrane? | ---Phenolics---Phenol---Quaternary Ammonium comound---biguandines
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| What can be used to sterilize a heat-labile solution stored in a plastic container | D
Gamma radiation---ethylene oxide---nonionzing radiation---short wavelenght radiation
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| What are characteristics of quaternary ammonium compounds? | B
bacterial against gram-positive bacteria---amoebicidal-fungicidal---kills enveloped viruses
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| What is used to control microbial growth in foods? | organic acids
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