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| Gram +, Acid fast bacteria | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobaterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium-intracllulare complex, Mycobacterium leprae |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Labs | Acid fast stain of sputum smear, CXR, PPD, Catalase +, Reduces nitrate |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Toxins | Abundant peptide antigens; Survives acidic, alkaline, or drying condition and resists disinfectants; Can have isoniazid resistance |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Diseases | Primary, Secondary, or Miliary Tuberculosis, Extra-pulmonary TB |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Treatment | Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Transmission | Respiratory droplets |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Vaccine | BCG- not available in the U.S. |
| Mycobacterium bovis: Labs | Acid fast stain of sputum smear, Sputum culture, CXR, Positive PPD |
| Mycobacterium bovis: Toxins | Multiple peptide antigens; Survives acidic, alkaline, or drying conditions and resists disinfectants |
| Mycobacterium bovis: Diseases | Tuberculosis |
| Mycobacterium bovis: Treatment | Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide |
| Mycobacterium bovis: Transmission | Ingestion of raw milk; respiratory droplets |
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Labs | Acid fast stain of sputum smear, Sputum cultures, CXR; PPD may be positive |
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Toxins | Opportunistic pathogen; Survive in acidic, alkaline, and drying conditions |
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Diseases | Pulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised patients; Disseminates to every organ and can be fatal in months |
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Treatment | Rifampin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin |
| Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Transmission | Opportunistic infection |
| Mycobacterium leprae: Labs | Lepromin skin test, Serology |
| Mycobacterium leprae: Toxins | Capsule, Intracellular survival within skin histocytes and Schwann cells |
| Mycobacterium leprae: Diseases | Tuberculoid Leprosy, Lepromatous Leprosy, Borderline Leprosy |
| Mycobacterium leprae: Treatment | Dapsone, Rifampin, Clofazime |
| Mycobacterium leprae: Transmission | Respiratory droplets, Close personal contact, Dermal trauma |
