Barry Pathophysiology -tissue handout on the cell and tissues for test 1.
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| Phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins & is selectively permeable. | Cell membrane
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| Contains: polyunsaturated fatty acids, lecithin, cholesterol, vitamin E, transferases (protein carriers) | Cell membrane
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| What has the nickname: "doorkeeper of cell" | Cell membrane
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| Functions: Controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell | Cell membrane
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| Protoplasm which lies between cell membrane and nucleus | Cytoplasm
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| has cytoskeleton, network of threadlike and tubelike structures which contribute strength and shape to cell and anchors the organelles | Cytoplasm
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| is a colloidal suspension of water (80%), protein (15%), lipids (3%), carbohydrates (1%), and electrolytes (1%). | Cytoplasm
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| Rod-shaped, double-membraned organelle packed with enzymes | Mitochondrion
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| Site of Kreb cycle and electron transport chain | Mitochondrion
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| Nickname: Power plant | Mitochondrion
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| Function: Cellular respiration | Mitochondrion
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| Energy nutrients are oxidized, and energy released is used to make ATP | Mitochondrion
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| Granule consisting of rRNA and protein | Ribosome
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| Nickname: Protein factory | Ribosome
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| Function: Protein synthesis (mRNA serves as a template) | Ribosome
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| Consists of membranes which form an internal transport system | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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| Nickname: Assembly line and transportation system | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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| Functions: Synthesis and transport of cellular products | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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| Functions: Synthesize phospholipids, steroids, and fatty acids | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)
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| Functions: Stubbed with ribosomes which synthesize proteins for export from cell | Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)
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| Consists of flattened sacs enclosed by membranes | Golgi Body
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| Nickname: Packing and distribution center | Golgi Body
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| Functions: Storage, modification, and packaging of secretory products | Golgi Body
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| Formation of Glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and lysosomes | Golgi Body
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| Organelle containing digestive enzymes which breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids | Lysosomes
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| Nickname: Suicide Bag | Lysosomes
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| Functions: Digestion of old cellular components and worn-out cells | Lysosomes
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| Functions: Digestion of foreign particles or bacteria that may enter the cell | Lysosomes
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| Nickname: control center of the cell | Nucleus
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| Functions: Storehouse for genetic information which is vital to cell division and protein synhesis | Nucleus
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| Function: Replication of DNA during cell division | Nucleus
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| Function: Transcription of the genetic information into mRNA which is translated into cellular protein in the ribosome | Nucleus
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| Consists of: Nuclear membrane, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Chromosomes which consist of genes | Nucleus
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| Dense area in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and the ribosomes are assembles | Nucleolus
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| A segment of DNA which codes a specific protein | Gene
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| A protein catalyst which facilitates a biochemical reaction and is not destroyed in the process | Enzyme
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| Provides a surface on which other molecules fit into place and react with one another | Enzyme
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| Facilitates the making and the breaking of chemical bonds | Enzyme
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| The suffix which indicates and enzyme | "ase"
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| On which nutrients do the following enzymes act on: 1- Lipase; 2- Protease; 3- Amylase; 4- Sucrase | 1- Lipase - Lipids;
2- Protease - Protein;
3- Amylase - Starch;
4- Sucrase - Sucrose
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| Four classes of Tissue | Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
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| -TISSUE- Function: Passive Transport | Simple squamous
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| -TISSUE- Lining of: bobby cavities (mesothelium=serous membranes), cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels (endothelium), lung alveoli | Simple squamous
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| -TISSUE- Function: Active transport (secretion and absorption) | Simple cuboidal
&
Simple Columnar
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| -TISSUE- Lines ducts and tubules of organs. Forms germinal epithelium of ovary and semineferous tubules of testes. | Simple cuboidal
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| -TISSUE- Linning of: digestive tube from lower esophagus to rectum, many glands and ducts | Simple Columnar
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| -TISSUE- Function: Protection against friction, drying, mechanical insult | Stratified squamous
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| -TISSUE- Skin (dry=keratinized). Lining of: mouth,nasal cavity, esophagus, anus, vagina (moist=mucous membrane) | Stratified squamous
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| -TISSUE- Function: Protective lining of ducts; Ability to stretch | Stratified cuboidal (transitional epithelium)
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| -TISSUE- Which tissue is also termed transitional epithelium | Stratified cuboidal (transitional epithelium)
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| -TISSUE- Lining of: ducts of sweat glands, testes tubules, ureters, and bladder | Stratified cuboidal (transitional epithelium)
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| -TISSUE- Function: Generally ciliated, can move material via cilia action | Pseudostratified columnar
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| -TISSUE- Lining of: Trachea, bronchi, some male and female urethra | Pseudostratified columnar
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| -TISSUE- 3 Types of connective tissue | Loose;
Dense;
Special
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| -TISSUE- 3 types of loose connective tissue | reticular;
areolar;
adipose
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| -TISSUE- 2 types of dense connective tissue | regular;
irregular
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| -TISSUE- 7 types of special connective tissue | bone;
cartilage;
blood;
teeth;
dentin;
enamel;
cementum
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| -TISSUE- 2 types of bone | dense;
cancellous;
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| -TISSUE- 3 types of cartilage | hyaline;
elastic;
fibrous
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| -TISSUE- Function: holds shape of organ, filters body fluids | Reticular
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| -TISSUE- Stroma of soft organs: liver, spleen, kidney. Also marrow cavity, termed reticuloendothelial tissue | reticular
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| -TISSUE- Function: support, packing material | areolar
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| -TISSUE- In all parts of body between functional units of organs | areolar
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| -TISSUE- Function: support, protection, energy, insulation | adipose
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| -TISSUE- Around organs and in fat pads of breasts, thighs, abdomen, buttocks | adipose
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| -TISSUE- Function: parallel arrangement of fibers provides unidirectional strength | regular dense connective
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| -TISSUE- Tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis | regular dense connective
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| -TISSUE- Function: Irregular nature of fibers provides strength in all direction of stress | irregular dense connective
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| -TISSUE- Fascia, organs, capsules, septa, sheaths | irregular dense connective
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| -TISSUE- Function: protection, support | Dense Bone
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| -TISSUE- Function: Hemopoiesis, reticuloendthelial activity | Cancellous bone
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| -TISSUE- Skeleton | Dense Bone
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| -TISSUE- Marrow cavity | Cancellous bone
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| -TISSUE- Function: smooth articulation surface, support, protection | Hyaline cartilage
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| -TISSUE- Epiphysis of bones, fetal skeleton, tracheal rings | Hyaline cartilage
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| -TISSUE- Function: Support, flexibility | Elastic cartilage
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| -TISSUE- External ear, epiglotis | Elastic cartilage
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| -TISSUE- Function: support, strength | fibrous cartilage
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| -TISSUE- Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis | fibrous cartilage
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| -TISSUE- Function: transport of oxygen & Carbon dioxide, combat of foreign proteins, aid in clotting | Blood
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| -TISSUE- Produced in hemopoietic tissue of cancellous bone and reticuloendtothelial tissues of the body | Blood
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| -TISSUE- Of both connective tissue and epithelial tissue origin | Teeth
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| -TISSUE- Function: forms the inner substance of teeth | Dentin
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| -TISSUE- Within tooth structure | Dentin
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| -TISSUE- Function: Highly specialized epithelial product; prevents wear | Enamel
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| -TISSUE- Forms outer tooth covering | Enamel
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| -TISSUE- "Cement" to hold tooth in bone | cemetum
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| -TISSUE- between bone and tooth | cementum
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| What are the functions of the following: 1- blasts; 2- clast; 3- cytes | 1- blast - create;
2- clast - destroy;
3- cytes - maintain
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| -TISSUE- 3 types of muscle tissues | Striated (skeletal);
Smooth (visceral)
Cardiac
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| -TISSUE- Function: voluntary innervation, all cells contract | Striated (skeletal)
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| -TISSUE- attached to skeletal components | Striated (skeletal)
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| -TISSUE- Function: Involuntary innervation, cells contract and transmit impulses | Smooth (visceral)
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| -TISSUE- Wal of hollow tubular viscera, vessels, iris of eye | Smooth (visceral)
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| -TISSUE- Function: Involuntary innervation, also cells capable of contraction without nervous stimulation . cells can transmit to adjacent cells | Cardiac
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| -TISSUE- Structure of the heart | Cardiac
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| ***Muscle tissues contract as a response to... | Stimuli
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| -TISSUE- Function: Transmit nervous pulses to other neurons and to target organs | Neuron
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| -TISSUE- within the CNS and peripheral nerves | Neuron
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| -TISSUE- Auxiliary cells of nervous tissue) | Neuroglia
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| -TISSUE- 3 types of neuroglia | Astrocytes;
Oligodendrogliocytes
Microgliocytes
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| -TISSUE- Function: exert some control over circulation in nervous tissue | Astrocytes
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| -TISSUE- Attached to blood vessels in CNS | Astrocytes
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| -TISSUE- Function: Serve as: a type of connective tissue within the CNS, source of myelination | Oligodendrogliocytes
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| -TISSUE- Between neurons of the CNS and wrapped around axons in peripheral nervous system | Oligodendrogliocytes
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| -TISSUE- Function: phagocytic activity within the CNS | Microgliocytes
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| -TISSUE- Throughout the CNS and cerebral spinal fluid | Microgliocytes
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