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Barry Cell & Tissue
Barry Pathophysiology -tissue handout on the cell and tissues for test 1.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins & is selectively permeable. | Cell membrane |
| Contains: polyunsaturated fatty acids, lecithin, cholesterol, vitamin E, transferases (protein carriers) | Cell membrane |
| What has the nickname: "doorkeeper of cell" | Cell membrane |
| Functions: Controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell | Cell membrane |
| Protoplasm which lies between cell membrane and nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| has cytoskeleton, network of threadlike and tubelike structures which contribute strength and shape to cell and anchors the organelles | Cytoplasm |
| is a colloidal suspension of water (80%), protein (15%), lipids (3%), carbohydrates (1%), and electrolytes (1%). | Cytoplasm |
| Rod-shaped, double-membraned organelle packed with enzymes | Mitochondrion |
| Site of Kreb cycle and electron transport chain | Mitochondrion |
| Nickname: Power plant | Mitochondrion |
| Function: Cellular respiration | Mitochondrion |
| Energy nutrients are oxidized, and energy released is used to make ATP | Mitochondrion |
| Granule consisting of rRNA and protein | Ribosome |
| Nickname: Protein factory | Ribosome |
| Function: Protein synthesis (mRNA serves as a template) | Ribosome |
| Consists of membranes which form an internal transport system | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
| Nickname: Assembly line and transportation system | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
| Functions: Synthesis and transport of cellular products | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
| Functions: Synthesize phospholipids, steroids, and fatty acids | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) |
| Functions: Stubbed with ribosomes which synthesize proteins for export from cell | Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) |
| Consists of flattened sacs enclosed by membranes | Golgi Body |
| Nickname: Packing and distribution center | Golgi Body |
| Functions: Storage, modification, and packaging of secretory products | Golgi Body |
| Formation of Glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and lysosomes | Golgi Body |
| Organelle containing digestive enzymes which breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids | Lysosomes |
| Nickname: Suicide Bag | Lysosomes |
| Functions: Digestion of old cellular components and worn-out cells | Lysosomes |
| Functions: Digestion of foreign particles or bacteria that may enter the cell | Lysosomes |
| Nickname: control center of the cell | Nucleus |
| Functions: Storehouse for genetic information which is vital to cell division and protein synhesis | Nucleus |
| Function: Replication of DNA during cell division | Nucleus |
| Function: Transcription of the genetic information into mRNA which is translated into cellular protein in the ribosome | Nucleus |
| Consists of: Nuclear membrane, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Chromosomes which consist of genes | Nucleus |
| Dense area in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and the ribosomes are assembles | Nucleolus |
| A segment of DNA which codes a specific protein | Gene |
| A protein catalyst which facilitates a biochemical reaction and is not destroyed in the process | Enzyme |
| Provides a surface on which other molecules fit into place and react with one another | Enzyme |
| Facilitates the making and the breaking of chemical bonds | Enzyme |
| The suffix which indicates and enzyme | "ase" |
| On which nutrients do the following enzymes act on: 1- Lipase; 2- Protease; 3- Amylase; 4- Sucrase | 1- Lipase - Lipids; 2- Protease - Protein; 3- Amylase - Starch; 4- Sucrase - Sucrose |
| Four classes of Tissue | Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous |
| -TISSUE- Function: Passive Transport | Simple squamous |
| -TISSUE- Lining of: bobby cavities (mesothelium=serous membranes), cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels (endothelium), lung alveoli | Simple squamous |
| -TISSUE- Function: Active transport (secretion and absorption) | Simple cuboidal & Simple Columnar |
| -TISSUE- Lines ducts and tubules of organs. Forms germinal epithelium of ovary and semineferous tubules of testes. | Simple cuboidal |
| -TISSUE- Linning of: digestive tube from lower esophagus to rectum, many glands and ducts | Simple Columnar |
| -TISSUE- Function: Protection against friction, drying, mechanical insult | Stratified squamous |
| -TISSUE- Skin (dry=keratinized). Lining of: mouth,nasal cavity, esophagus, anus, vagina (moist=mucous membrane) | Stratified squamous |
| -TISSUE- Function: Protective lining of ducts; Ability to stretch | Stratified cuboidal (transitional epithelium) |
| -TISSUE- Which tissue is also termed transitional epithelium | Stratified cuboidal (transitional epithelium) |
| -TISSUE- Lining of: ducts of sweat glands, testes tubules, ureters, and bladder | Stratified cuboidal (transitional epithelium) |
| -TISSUE- Function: Generally ciliated, can move material via cilia action | Pseudostratified columnar |
| -TISSUE- Lining of: Trachea, bronchi, some male and female urethra | Pseudostratified columnar |
| -TISSUE- 3 Types of connective tissue | Loose; Dense; Special |
| -TISSUE- 3 types of loose connective tissue | reticular; areolar; adipose |
| -TISSUE- 2 types of dense connective tissue | regular; irregular |
| -TISSUE- 7 types of special connective tissue | bone; cartilage; blood; teeth; dentin; enamel; cementum |
| -TISSUE- 2 types of bone | dense; cancellous; |
| -TISSUE- 3 types of cartilage | hyaline; elastic; fibrous |
| -TISSUE- Function: holds shape of organ, filters body fluids | Reticular |
| -TISSUE- Stroma of soft organs: liver, spleen, kidney. Also marrow cavity, termed reticuloendothelial tissue | reticular |
| -TISSUE- Function: support, packing material | areolar |
| -TISSUE- In all parts of body between functional units of organs | areolar |
| -TISSUE- Function: support, protection, energy, insulation | adipose |
| -TISSUE- Around organs and in fat pads of breasts, thighs, abdomen, buttocks | adipose |
| -TISSUE- Function: parallel arrangement of fibers provides unidirectional strength | regular dense connective |
| -TISSUE- Tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis | regular dense connective |
| -TISSUE- Function: Irregular nature of fibers provides strength in all direction of stress | irregular dense connective |
| -TISSUE- Fascia, organs, capsules, septa, sheaths | irregular dense connective |
| -TISSUE- Function: protection, support | Dense Bone |
| -TISSUE- Function: Hemopoiesis, reticuloendthelial activity | Cancellous bone |
| -TISSUE- Skeleton | Dense Bone |
| -TISSUE- Marrow cavity | Cancellous bone |
| -TISSUE- Function: smooth articulation surface, support, protection | Hyaline cartilage |
| -TISSUE- Epiphysis of bones, fetal skeleton, tracheal rings | Hyaline cartilage |
| -TISSUE- Function: Support, flexibility | Elastic cartilage |
| -TISSUE- External ear, epiglotis | Elastic cartilage |
| -TISSUE- Function: support, strength | fibrous cartilage |
| -TISSUE- Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis | fibrous cartilage |
| -TISSUE- Function: transport of oxygen & Carbon dioxide, combat of foreign proteins, aid in clotting | Blood |
| -TISSUE- Produced in hemopoietic tissue of cancellous bone and reticuloendtothelial tissues of the body | Blood |
| -TISSUE- Of both connective tissue and epithelial tissue origin | Teeth |
| -TISSUE- Function: forms the inner substance of teeth | Dentin |
| -TISSUE- Within tooth structure | Dentin |
| -TISSUE- Function: Highly specialized epithelial product; prevents wear | Enamel |
| -TISSUE- Forms outer tooth covering | Enamel |
| -TISSUE- "Cement" to hold tooth in bone | cemetum |
| -TISSUE- between bone and tooth | cementum |
| What are the functions of the following: 1- blasts; 2- clast; 3- cytes | 1- blast - create; 2- clast - destroy; 3- cytes - maintain |
| -TISSUE- 3 types of muscle tissues | Striated (skeletal); Smooth (visceral) Cardiac |
| -TISSUE- Function: voluntary innervation, all cells contract | Striated (skeletal) |
| -TISSUE- attached to skeletal components | Striated (skeletal) |
| -TISSUE- Function: Involuntary innervation, cells contract and transmit impulses | Smooth (visceral) |
| -TISSUE- Wal of hollow tubular viscera, vessels, iris of eye | Smooth (visceral) |
| -TISSUE- Function: Involuntary innervation, also cells capable of contraction without nervous stimulation . cells can transmit to adjacent cells | Cardiac |
| -TISSUE- Structure of the heart | Cardiac |
| ***Muscle tissues contract as a response to... | Stimuli |
| -TISSUE- Function: Transmit nervous pulses to other neurons and to target organs | Neuron |
| -TISSUE- within the CNS and peripheral nerves | Neuron |
| -TISSUE- Auxiliary cells of nervous tissue) | Neuroglia |
| -TISSUE- 3 types of neuroglia | Astrocytes; Oligodendrogliocytes Microgliocytes |
| -TISSUE- Function: exert some control over circulation in nervous tissue | Astrocytes |
| -TISSUE- Attached to blood vessels in CNS | Astrocytes |
| -TISSUE- Function: Serve as: a type of connective tissue within the CNS, source of myelination | Oligodendrogliocytes |
| -TISSUE- Between neurons of the CNS and wrapped around axons in peripheral nervous system | Oligodendrogliocytes |
| -TISSUE- Function: phagocytic activity within the CNS | Microgliocytes |
| -TISSUE- Throughout the CNS and cerebral spinal fluid | Microgliocytes |
Created by:
biglou4u
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