Important people & terms
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| Puritan | a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th & 17th centuries, advocated strict religious discipline along w/ simplfication of the ceremonies & creeds of the Church of England
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| Separatist | William Bradford led the first group aboard the Mayflower to secede from the Church of England. These Puritans, later called Pilgrims, were the first to settle in America
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| Dissenters | Challenged Puritan orthodoxy, religious & civil rule & suffered as a result. Roger Williams was among them
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| Polemical Writing | Popular during French/American revolutions. Based on radical views of anti-slavery. Attacks traditional religious system
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| The Others | Slaves, Indians, women & homosexuals
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| Transcendentalism | A literary & philosophical movement, associated w/ Ralph Waldo Emerson & Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical & scientific & is knowable through intuition
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| Unitarianism | Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief & rejects the Trinity
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| Individualism | Belief in the primary importance of the individual & in the virtues of self-reliance & personal independence
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| Immediacy | Instantaneous knowledge
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| Esemplastic | Molding into unity
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| Organic Metaphor | Expression of new radical religion. The sum is larger than the whole of its parts. From Emerson - Nature
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| Apostrophe | Addressing an inanimate object as if it is alive. highly emotional and direct
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| Parable | A simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson. From The Minister's Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne
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| Allegory | A short moral story (often w/ animal characters)
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| Second American Revolution | The Civil War
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| Extension | Non-Abolitionist attempt to prevent slavery from moving west & southwest into other parts of the country. The Republican Party, under Lincoln's leadership, stood against the extension of slavery into new territories
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| Helotry | Serfdom; Slavery
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| Lyrical Elegy | Moves from am apparent problem in nature to a positive acceptance. Borrows from romantic and transcendentalists' theories
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| Carol | Sings for a purpose w/ a moral. As does a chant, song or psalm. From Emerson's Concord Hymn where the nature of the spirit is praised
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| Paean | A song or hymn of praise; a.k.a. hurrah
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| Autochthonic | Native, or rising from the soil; indigenous; Whitman's definition of all literature
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| Omnigenous | Consisting of all kinds
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| Iambic Pentameter | A common meter in poetry consisting of an unrhymed line w/ 5 feet or accents, each foot containing an unaccented syllable & an accented syllable
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| Monometer | A verse consisting of a single metrical foot
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| Trochaic | The falling foot of a ryhme scheme
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| Plot | "Life in time"
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| Theme | "Life in Value"
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| Literary Realism | Writing about what you know,goes beyond truth & what you know vs. Naturalism. Deterministic is the key adjective for realism
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| Naturalism | The doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms w/o recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations. The world doesn't care if Man exists or not. "Stuff" happens. Fate is key. Ex.: "To Build a Fire" by Jack London
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| Epitaph | Something written on a tombstone in a book. A brief memorialization. "I had a lovers quarrel worldwide," from Robert Frost's tombstone
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| Epithet | A term used to characterize a person or thing. Name upon name. Ex.: Langston Hughes a.k.a. the Poet Laureate of the Negro Race, from The Negro Speaks of Rivers
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| Satirist | Writing that aims to correct social vices & misbehavior through laughter
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| Inhumanism | Not man. The rest of nature. Positive message. From Robinson Jeffers, the romantic naturalist & inhumanist
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| Ekphrasis | When a poet writes about the visual arts, like a painting or a statue. Poetry that responds to a work of art. Ex.: William Carlos Williams
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| Robinson Jeffers | romantic naturalist
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| Langston Hughes | The Poet Laureate of the Negro race. Autochthonic poet, native to America
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| E.E. Cummings | The cubist poet who wrote like Picasso painted; a satirist
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| Wallace Stevens | Poet of supreme fictions. "Death is the mother of beauty."
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| The Cold War | a.k.a. the Age of Anxiety & "arms race"
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| Gwendolyn Brooks | 1st Nobel prize winner, African American, wrote "Annie Allen"
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| Dudley Randall | 1965 Broadside Press, which advanced black careers & changed the whole character of American Lit; wrote "The Melting Pot"
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| Robert Frost | The poet of New England
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| Phillis Wheatley | First published black author
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| Abraham Lincoln | "A house divided against itself cannot stand."
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| Poem that is a hymn or paean | "Lilacs in the Dooryard Bloom'd"
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| Example of a parable | "The Minister's Black Veil"
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| Anne Bradstreet | Wrote the first book of British North American poetry
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| William Carlos Williams | The ekphrasis poet
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| Gary Snyder | Buddhist poet; Will speak @ Baylor & add a poem to the wall inside our building
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| Emily Dickinson | Influenced by Emerson; has the Elizabeth Browning Library on our campus
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| Cathy Song | Hawaiian contemporary American poet
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| Joy Harjo | Native American American poet
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| Michael S. Harper | Jazz poet
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| Thomas Paine | Issued a polemic revolution
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| Benjamin Franklin | Modern, yet embodied the Age of Reason
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| Ezra Pound | Father of the modernist movement
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| Walt Whitman | Freed poetic style by breaking pentameter; content & form in American lit
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