Vocab Genetics / Heredity / Reproduction
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| HEREDITY | the transmitting of characteristics from parent to offspring
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| GENETICS | study of how traits are passed form parent to offspring
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| TRAIT | characteristic of an organism
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| INHERITED TRAIT | one that comes from the genes you received from your parents
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| DNA | DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID - material found in cell's nucleus that determinest the genetic traits of an organism
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| CHROMOSOME | structure located in the nucleus of a cell made of DNA; human cells have 46 chromosomes
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| GENE | segment of DNA, found on chromosomes that determine the inheritance of a particular trait; the basic physical & functional unit of heredity
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| GENETIC VARIATION | differences in traits among organisms of the same species
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| GENOME | all the genes that an organism has
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| GENOTYPE | genetic makeup of an organism; uses letter to represent genes present
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| PHENOTYPE | physical expression of a trait, or the physical appearance of an organism
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| ALLELES | alternate forms of a gene; or variations of a gene relating to the same trait; every organism has two alleles for each trait (one from mother / one from father)
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| DOMINANT | the allele in a pair of alleles that determines the visible trait (phenotype) represented in the genotype with a CAPITAL letter
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| RECESSIVE | an allele that is masked if a dominant allele is present; represented with a lowercase letter
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| HETEROZYGOUS | having two different alleles for a trait; shown in genotype with one CAPITAL and one lowercase letter
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| HOMOZYGOUS | having two of the same alleles for a trait; show in genotype with both leters as CAPITAL or lowercase
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| HYBRID | AKA HETEROZYGOUS = an organism carrying both dominant and recessive alleles for the same trait
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| PURE | AKA HOMOZYGOUS = an organism that carries 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles for a given trait
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| INFLUENCE | genetics: factors that have an effect on traits that are expressed
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| ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | factors such as diet, exercise, pollution, etc. that influence the physical expression of genetic traits
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| REPRODUCE | make more individuals of the same species from a parent organism or organisms
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| OFFSPRING | product of reproduction
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| ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION | reproductive process involving one parent & producing offspring identical to the parent
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| SEXUAL REPRODUCTION | reproductive process involving two parents whos genetic material is combined to produce a new organism with similar traits
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| BINARY FISSION | ASEXUAL - one cell divides to form two identical cells: occurs in prokaryotic cells
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| BUDDING | ASEXUAL - offspring grows out of the parent organism in a small bud or growth
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| VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION | ASEXUAL - one plant grows new plants that are identical genetically to the parent plant; can be in the form of a shoot or a cutting from an existing plant
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| REGENERATION | ASEXUAL - the process of regrowing missing parts of a organism
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| FRAGMENTATION | ASEXUAL - process of growing a complete organism from a fragment
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| CLONE | an organism with identical DNA to parent organism
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| GAMETE | SPECIALIZED sex cell with half the number of chromosomes as a typical body cell (egg in fe = 23; sperm in males = 23)
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| FERTILIZATION | the union of sperm cell with egg cell
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| ZYGOTE | fertilized egg
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| PROKARYOTIC | cell's without a nucleus
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| EUKARYOTIC | cells with a membrane bound nucleus
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| DIVERSE | different
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