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Syd's Science Review
Vocab Genetics / Heredity / Reproduction
Question | Answer |
---|---|
HEREDITY | the transmitting of characteristics from parent to offspring |
GENETICS | study of how traits are passed form parent to offspring |
TRAIT | characteristic of an organism |
INHERITED TRAIT | one that comes from the genes you received from your parents |
DNA | DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID - material found in cell's nucleus that determinest the genetic traits of an organism |
CHROMOSOME | structure located in the nucleus of a cell made of DNA; human cells have 46 chromosomes |
GENE | segment of DNA, found on chromosomes that determine the inheritance of a particular trait; the basic physical & functional unit of heredity |
GENETIC VARIATION | differences in traits among organisms of the same species |
GENOME | all the genes that an organism has |
GENOTYPE | genetic makeup of an organism; uses letter to represent genes present |
PHENOTYPE | physical expression of a trait, or the physical appearance of an organism |
ALLELES | alternate forms of a gene; or variations of a gene relating to the same trait; every organism has two alleles for each trait (one from mother / one from father) |
DOMINANT | the allele in a pair of alleles that determines the visible trait (phenotype) represented in the genotype with a CAPITAL letter |
RECESSIVE | an allele that is masked if a dominant allele is present; represented with a lowercase letter |
HETEROZYGOUS | having two different alleles for a trait; shown in genotype with one CAPITAL and one lowercase letter |
HOMOZYGOUS | having two of the same alleles for a trait; show in genotype with both leters as CAPITAL or lowercase |
HYBRID | AKA HETEROZYGOUS = an organism carrying both dominant and recessive alleles for the same trait |
PURE | AKA HOMOZYGOUS = an organism that carries 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles for a given trait |
INFLUENCE | genetics: factors that have an effect on traits that are expressed |
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | factors such as diet, exercise, pollution, etc. that influence the physical expression of genetic traits |
REPRODUCE | make more individuals of the same species from a parent organism or organisms |
OFFSPRING | product of reproduction |
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION | reproductive process involving one parent & producing offspring identical to the parent |
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION | reproductive process involving two parents whos genetic material is combined to produce a new organism with similar traits |
BINARY FISSION | ASEXUAL - one cell divides to form two identical cells: occurs in prokaryotic cells |
BUDDING | ASEXUAL - offspring grows out of the parent organism in a small bud or growth |
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION | ASEXUAL - one plant grows new plants that are identical genetically to the parent plant; can be in the form of a shoot or a cutting from an existing plant |
REGENERATION | ASEXUAL - the process of regrowing missing parts of a organism |
FRAGMENTATION | ASEXUAL - process of growing a complete organism from a fragment |
CLONE | an organism with identical DNA to parent organism |
GAMETE | SPECIALIZED sex cell with half the number of chromosomes as a typical body cell (egg in fe = 23; sperm in males = 23) |
FERTILIZATION | the union of sperm cell with egg cell |
ZYGOTE | fertilized egg |
PROKARYOTIC | cell's without a nucleus |
EUKARYOTIC | cells with a membrane bound nucleus |
DIVERSE | different |