water carbon
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Chemical Evolution | The proposition that early in earths history simple chemical compounds in the atmosphere and ocean combined to form larger complex substances.
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| Element |
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| Atomic Number | The number of protons
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| Isotopes | Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons
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| Mass Number | The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
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| Atomic Mass Unit (amu) | Special unit to measure atoms
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| Orbitals | The way elections move around
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| Electron Shell |
orbitals are grouped into levels
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| Valence electrons | the electrons found in each valence shell
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| Valence | The number of unpaired electrons found in a atom
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| Chemical Bond | Strong attraction that bind atoms together
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| Covalent Bond | The shared electrons that glue the atoms together
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| Molecules | Substances that are held together by a coolant bond
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| Nonpolar covalent bond | An equal sharing of electrons
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| Electronegativity | when atoms hold electrons in covalent bonds more tightly than others
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| Ionic Bond | The electrons in ionic bonds are completely transferred from one atom to another
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| Anion | Negatively charged ions
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| Chemical reaction | when one substance is combined with others or broken down into another substance
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| Mole |
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| Ion | an atom or molecule that carries a charge
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| Cation | positively charged ions
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| Molecular Formula | Indicates the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule
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| Structural Formulas | Indicates which atoms are bonded together
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| Mole | Refers to the number 6.022x10^23
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| Molecular Weight | The sum of the mass numbers of all atoms in a molecule
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| Solution | A mixture of one or more substances dissolved in a liquid
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| Molarity | The number of moles of the substance per liter of the solution
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| Solvent | an agent for getting substances into a solution
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| Polar | the overall distribution of charge is asymmetrical
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| Hydrophillic | Substances that interact with water
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| Hydrophobic | substances that do not interact with water
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| Cohesion | Binding between like molecules
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| Adhesion | Binnding between unlke molecules
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| Meniscus | the concave surface that forms in a glass of water . because they experience a downward pull
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| Surface tension | the resistance that makes water surface act as if it had an elastic membrane
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| specific heat | the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1gram of substance by 1 degrease C
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| Heat of vaporization | the energy required to change 1gram of a substance from liquid to gas
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| Hydrogen ion | H+
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| hydroxide ion | OH-
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| Acids | substances that gives up protons during chemical reactions and raise the hydrogen ion concentration of water
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| Bases | molecules that acquire protons during chemical reactions and that lower the hydrogen ion concentration of water
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| PH | to express the concentration of protons in a solution with a logarithmic form
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| Reactant | atoms shown on the left of a chemical equation
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| Product | atoms shown on the right of a chemical equation
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| Chemical equalilibrium | A dynamic but stable state
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| System | A set of interacting elements
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| Endothermic | transforming a liquid water molecule to a gaseous state
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| Exothermic | the transformation of water vapor to a liquid water and releases heat
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| Energy | the capacity to do work or to supply heat
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| Potential Energy | Stored energy
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| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion
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| Thermal Energy | Kinetic energy of molecular motion
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| Temperature | How much thermal energy its molecules possess
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| Heat | the transferd energy between two objects with different temperatures when they come in contact
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| first law of thermodynamics | states that energy is conserved. cannot be created or destroyed but only transferred and transformed
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| Entropy | the amount of disorder in a group of molecules
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| Second law of thermodynamics | that entropy always increases in an isolated system
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| Exergonic | when chemical reactions are spontaneous because ^G is less than zero
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| Endergonic | when chemical reactions are nonspontaneous because ^G is greater than zero
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| Free Radicals | the atoms from the result of energy from photons that break molecules apart by knocking electrons away from outer shells of atoms
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| Chemical energy | The potential energy stored in chemical bonds
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| Organic | Molecules that contain carbon
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| Functional groups | H-, N-, and O- containing groups found in organic compounds
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Created by:
thomas.r
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