Constitution Study Guide
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| Voters | electors
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| An official count, such as a census | enumeration
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| The process of accusing a public official of wrongdoing | impeachment
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| A written statement issued by a grand jury charging a person with a crime | indictment
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| The minimum number of members that must be present for official business to take place | quorum
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| Income a government collects to cover expenses | revenue
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| A way to give full citizenship to a person of foreign birth | naturalization
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| courts | tribunals
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| serious crimes | felonies
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| public funds set aside for a specific purpose | appropriation
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| Income a government collects to cover expenses | revenue
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| A way to give full citizenship to a person of foreign birth | naturalization
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| courts | tribunals
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| Serious crimes | felonies
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| Public funds set aside for a specific purpose | appropriation
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| A law that condemns a person without a trial in court | bill of attainder
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| money | tender
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| A statement declaring that something is true | affirmation
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| Delays in cancellations or punishment | reprieves
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| Call together | convene
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| Nickname for Amendment 20 | lame duck
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| President's salary | 400,000
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| Salary for senators and representatives | 136,700
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| Salary for Speaker of the House | 174,000
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| Senate or House of Representatives | Congress
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| A motion or process aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. Also called closure. | Cloture
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| Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. | 26th
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| Protects a citizen’s right to keep and bear arms. | 2nd
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| Protects against unlawful searches and seizures. | 4th
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| Prevents the quartering of troops in private homes. | 3rd
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| Ensured that no tax could be charged to vote for any federal office. | 24th
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| Protects citizens from cruel and unusual punishment and excessive fines. | 8th
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| Protects the enumerated rights of citizens not specifically stated in the Constitution. | 9th
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| Protects the rights of the accused including a public and speedy trial by a jury of one’s peers. | 6th
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| Changed the choosing of senators from the state legislatures to the people of the states. | 17th
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| Protects a citizen’s right to the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. | 1st
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| Authorizes the United States to collect income tax without regard to the population of the states. | 16th
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| Sets the limit on a presidential term of office to 2-four-year terms or 10 years maximum. | 22nd
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| Outlawed the making, selling, transporting, importing, or exporting of alcohol in the United States. | 18th
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| Abolishes slavery and forbids the practice of slavery in the United States and any area under its control. | 13th
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| Ensures that gender cannot be used as a criteria for voting, thus granting women the right to vote. | 19th
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| Redefines how the President and Vice-President are chosen by the Electoral College, making the two positions cooperative, rather than first and second highest vote-getters. | 12th
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| Requires that any law that increased the pay of legislators may not take effect until after an election. | 27th
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| Reserves all those powers not specifically given to the national government to the state governments. | 10th
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| Grants the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.) the right to three electors in Presidential elections. | 23rd
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| Ensures the right to a trial by jury in any civil case in a federal court if the amount of money involved exceeds $20. | 7th
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| Forbids the state from denying anyone the right to vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. | 15th
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| States are immune from being sued in federal court by other states, foreign countries, or citizens from that state. | 11th
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| Repealed the 18th Amendment and allowed each state the power to regulate the making, selling, transporting, importing, or exporting of alcohol. | 21st
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| Set new start dates for the terms of the Congress and the President, and clarifies how the deaths of Presidents before swearing-in would be handled. | 20th
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| Clarifies even further the line of succession to the Presidency, and establishes rules for a President who becomes unable to perform his duties while in office. | 25th
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| Protects citizens in criminal proceedings including the restriction of self-incrimination and double jeopardy; also ensures the due process of law and eminent domain. | 5th
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| All persons born or naturalized in the United States are in fact citizens of the United States and the state wherein they reside; ensured that all citizens of all states enjoyed not only rights on the federal level, but on the state level, too. | 14th
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| Create a nation in which states cooperate | "Form a more perfect Union"
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| Make just laws and set up fair courts | "Establish justice"
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| Maintain peace within the country | "Insure domestic tranquility"
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| Protect that country against attack | "Provide for the common defense"
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| Contribute to the happiness and well being of all people | "Promote the general welfare"
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| Make sure all citizens remain free | "Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our prosperity"
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| List National powers | maintain military, declare war, establish postal system, set standards for weights and measures, protect copyrights and patents
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| List Shared powers | collect taxes, establish courts, regulate interstate commerce, regulate banks, borrow money, provide for the general welfare, punish criminals
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| List State powers | establish local governments, set up schools, regulate state commerce, make regulations for marriage, establish and regulate corportations
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| List term, age, residency and citizenship for House of Representatives | 2 years, 25 yrs. old, state which elected, 7 years
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| List term, age, residency and citizenship for Senate | 6 years, 30 yrs. old, state in which elected, 9 years
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| List term, age, residency and citizenship for President | 4 years (max. 2), 35 yrs. old, 14 years in the US prior to running, Natural-born
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| List term, age, residency and citizenship for Supreme Court (9 justices) | unlimited (free from Executive Control) Selected by President and approved by Senate (2/3), No age restriction, no residency restriction, No citizenship restriction
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| Government gets its power/consent from the people | Popular Sovereignty
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| Representative Democracy-people elect their representatives to make laws | Republicanism
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| E Pluribus Unum power is shared between federal and the states(federal has more power) | Federalism
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| Framers gave each branch its own power so that none are too powerful, lessons efficiency but it guards against abuse. | Separation of powers
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| President in charge of branch, Enforces laws | Executive Branch
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| This branch makes laws, Congress is in charge | Legislative Branch
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| This branch interprets laws, Supreme Court is in charge | Judicial Branch
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| Each branch has the authority to check the other | Checks and Balances
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| Most Americans were afraid of a President that would act like a King, Everyone must obey the law | Limited Government
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| There are certain rights protected by Bill of Rights that cannot be taken away | Individual Rights
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| Judicial Branch- Checks on President | Can declare executive acts unconstitutional, Judges are appointed for life, Free from executive control
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| Judicial Branch- Checks on Congress | Judicial review-can declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
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| Executive Branch- Checks on Courts | Appoints federal judges, Can grant reprieves and pardons for federal crimes
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| Executive Branch- Checks on Congress | Can veto acts of Congress, Can call special sessions of Congress, Can suggest laws and send messages to Congress
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| Legislative Branch- Checks of President | Can impeach and remove the president, Can override veto, Controls spending of money, Senate can refuse to confirm presidential appointments and to ratify treaties
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| Legislative Branch- Checks on Court | Can impeach and remove federal judges, Establishes lower federal courts, Can refuse to confirm judicial appointments
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| List Seven Principles of the Constitution | Republicanism, Separation of Powers, Limited Government, Popular Sovereignty, Federalism, Checks and Balances, Individual Rights
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| People who live in a region should determine for themselves the nature of their government. | popular sovereignty
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| For the time being | pro tempore
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| A written statement issued by a grand jury charging a person with a crime | indictment
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| An emergency military force, such as National Guard, that is not part of the regular army | militia
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| A law that would make an act a criminal offense after it was committed | ex post facto law
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| A citizen born in the US,or US Commonwealth, or to parents who are US citizens living outside the country | natural-born citizen
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| Delays or cancellations of punishment | reprieves
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| Call together | convene
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| Violations of the law | misdemeanors
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| Courts with less authority than the supreme court | inferior courts
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| Having power to review court decisions | appellate
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| Legal protections | immunities
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| Right to vote | suffrage
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| Official approval | ratification
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| Complete agreement | unanimous consent
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| reducing | abridging
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| Given a place to stay | quartered
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| Fair treatment under the law | due process of the law
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| Required procedure | compulsory process
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| Lawyer | counsel
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| A system of law developed in England, based on customs and previous court decisions | common law
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| Money paid by arrested persons to guarantee they will return to trial | bail
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| A system of justice court not covered under common law | equity
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| Being under the authority of an owner or master | servitude
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| Granted nationality | naturalized
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| Revolt against authority | insurrection
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| Rewards | bounties
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| Who takes over if the president dies or is unable to serve? List the top five. | Vice-President,Speaker of the House, President of the Senate, Secretary of State, and Secretary of the Treasury
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| No longer in force | inoperative
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| An election in which registered members of a political party nominate candidates for office | primary
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| What is the least amount of witnesses needed to testify for treason? | two
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| Extending a debate to prevent a vote on a given proposal | filibuster
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| A legislative maneuver in United States federal lawmaking that allows the President to veto a bill indirectly. | Pocket veto
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| The US Constitution and federal laws and treaties that adhere to the Constitution officially became the ___________. | "supreme law of the land"
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| Detainees can seek relief from unlawful imprisonment | Writs of habeas corpus
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| Steps for a bill to become a law | Bill introduced, Committee action, Floor action, Final approval, Enactment
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| The legal requirement that the state must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person | due process
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| Power of the Supreme Court to review decisions and change outcomes of decisions of lower courts | appellate jurisdiction
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| Presidential Duties | Chief of State, Chief Executive, Chief Diplomat, Commander-In-Chief, Chief Legislator, Chief of Party, Chief Guardian of the Economy
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| Who gives information to Congress of the State of the Union? | President
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| To confirm by expressing consent, approval, or formal sanction | ratify
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