Gram + Rods, Anaerobic
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| Gram + Rods, Anaerobic | Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium Botulinum |
| Clostridium perfringens: Labs | Catalase - |
| Clostridium perfringens: Toxins | Enterotoxins, Alpha toxin |
| Clostridium perfringens: Diseases | Food poisoning, Gas gangrene, Endometritis, Cellulitis |
| Clostridium perfringens: Treatment | Penicillin G, Metronidazole, Hyperbaric oxygen |
| Clostridium perfringens: Transmission | Spores in soil, dust, and air, entering wound sites |
| Clostridium tetani: Labs | Catalase - |
| Clostridium tetani: Toxins | Spore-forming; toxin blocks inhibition--> lock jaw, opisthotonic posturing |
| Clostridium tetani: Diseases | Lockjaw/opisthotonic |
| Clostridium tetani: Treatment | Metronidazole, Tetanus anti-toxin, Respiratory support, Control of rigidity and spasms with benzodiazepines |
| Clostridium tetani: Transmission | Spores occur in soil and disease occurs by entry of spores into wound sites; umbilical stump infection in neonates |
| Clostridium tetani: Vaccine | DPT |
| Clostridium difficile: Labs | Catalase - |
| Clostridium difficile: Toxins | Flagella, spores with enterotoxins |
| Clostridium difficile: Diseases | Pseudomembranous colitis, Bloody diarrhea |
| Clostridium difficile: Treatment | IV Metronidazole, Oral Vancomycin, Water and electrolytes |
| Clostridium difficile: Transmission | Spores infecting wound sites |
| Clostridium botulinum:Labs | Catalase - |
| Clostridium botulinum:Toxins | Blocks acetylcholine release |
| Clostridium botulinum:Diseases | Diffuse paralysis |
| Clostridium botulinum: Treatment | Botulinum anti-toxin, Metronidazole, Vanc |
| Clostridium botulinum:Transmission | Airborne spores |
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