CanColl May 2012 Path 2 Lec10&11 Review Dec 2011
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| Injuries to the superior part of the brachial plexus usually occur from? | Excessive separation of the neck and shoulder (i.e. hyper lateral flexion of the neck)
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| Injuries to the upper brachial plexus are termed? | Erb-Duchenne's Palsy
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| Common causes of Erb-Duchenne's palsy? | Fall on to the shoulder (horseback riding, hockey), lateral blow to the neck (football) stretching of neck during delivery
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| Upper brachial plexus injuries affect which nerve roots? | C5 & C6
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| The waiter's tip deformity is characterized by? | affected arm is adducted and internally rotated with extension at the elbow, pronation of the forearm and flexion of the wrist
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| Erb-Duchenne's may result in the loss of which reflexes? | biceps and brachioradialis
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| Lower Brachiual Plexus injuries are known as? | Klumke's Paralysis
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| Are lower brachial plexus injuries more or less common than upper brachial plexus injuries? | less common
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| What happens in an injury of the lower brachial plexus? | The arm is suddenly pulled superiorly - often when one grasps something to avoid or break a fall
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| What nerve roots are affected by a lower brachial plexus injury? | C8 & T1
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| Lower brachial plexus injuries usually affect the mm's, and skin supplied by which nerve? | Ulnar
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| Common afflictions associated with lower brachial plexus injuries (Klumke's Paralysis) include: | claw hand (ulnar)
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| What is the most common condition causing thoracic outlet syndrome? | Costoclavicular Approximation
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| Describe Costoclavicular approximation. | compression of the space between the clavicle and first rib.
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| Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior mm's? | long thoracic nerve
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| What happens when the serratus anterior mm is paralyzed? | winging of the scapula
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| Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii? | musculocutaneous
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| Which nerve innervates the deltoid mm? | Axillary
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| Which nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome? | median
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| Which nerve is injured when the so-called "oath hand" results from an attempt to flex the fingers? | Median
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| With which nerve is the condition known as "ape hand" associated? | median
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| Which nerve is the appearance of "claw hand" related to? | Ulnar
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| Which nerve is most likely affected when the humeral bone is fractured? | Radial
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| The characteristic signs in injuries to the radial nerve is an inability to extend the wrist. The wrist is flexed and lies flaccid - called? | Wrist drop
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| Crutch paralysis or Saturday night palsy are caused by pressure to which nerve? | Radial
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| The lumbar plexus is formed within which mm? | Psoas
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| The largest and most important branches of the lumbar plexus are? | Obturator and Femoral
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| The most significant nerve emerging from the sacral plexus is? | The sciatic nerve
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| What is the largest nerve in the body? | Sciatic
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| What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve? | common peroneal and tibial
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| Injury to the femoral nerve would impair the ability to perform which actions? | flex hip and extend knee (kicking)
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| Lesions to the obturator nerve impair the ability to perform which actions? | hip adduction, external rotation of hip (crossing the legs is difficult)
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| Of the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves - which is motor and which is sensory? | Ilioinguinal = sensory & genitofemoral = motor
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| Which reflex is associated with these nerves? | Cremaster reflex (remeber the cremaster mm raises the testes)
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| A compressed and irritated nerve supplying the skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh - causes a condition called? | Meralgia paresthetica
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| What are some of the etiological factors of meralgia paresthetica? | constricting garments, obesity, pregnancy, prolong hip extension (supine bed-ridden patients)
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| Which actions are performed by mm's controlled by the sciatic nerve (the largest nerve in the body)? | Extension of hip and flexion of that knee (the opposite of kicking)
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| From which nerve roots is the sciatic nerve derived? | L4 - S 3
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| Where is the pain of sciatica (irritation of the sciatic nerve) usually felt? | gluteal region, posterior aspect of thigh, post and lat aspects of the leg and lateral part of the foot (around the lat maleolus)
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| What are the two main ways in which pressure is exerted on the Sciatic nerve? | 1. IVD herniation or bulge 2. compression of the piriformis MM = piriformis syndrome
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| Which MM's do the gluteal nerves innervate? | The gluteus muscles
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| Which MM's does the superior gluteal nerve innervate? | Glute med and min
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| Injury to the superior gluteal nerve leads to weakness of abduction and contra inclination of the pelvis which = | a positive Trendelenburg sign
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| The gluteus maximus MM is innervated by which nerve? | The inferior gluteal nerve
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| Damage to the inferior gluteal nerve will cause what problems with movement? | weakened extensor of the hip - makes it difficult to rise from seated, to run and jump or to climb stairs
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| Chronic lesions to which nerve can cause pain and sensory disturbance to the sole of the foot? | Tibial nerve
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| A condition which includes pain and sensory disturbance to the sole fo the foot (often secondary to tight casting following a leg fracture) is called? | Tarsal tunnel syndrome
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| Severance of the tibial nerve = paralysis of the flexor MM's of the leg and sole of foot affecting ability to perform which actions? | planterflexing of foot or toes
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| Which is the most frequently injured nerve in the lower leg? | The common peroneal nerve
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| The common peroneal nerve is found on the (lateral or medial) side of the knee? | Lateral
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| Severance of the common peroneal nerve results in paralysis of which mm's? | The MM's that dorsiflex and evert the foot.
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| Paralysis of the Dorsiflexors and Evertors causes the foot to hang down - a condition that is known as? | Foot Drop
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| Trigeminal neuralgia - a painful disorder of the sensory root of CN 5 - is also known as? | Tic Douloureaux
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| A disease of the facial nerve (CN 7) that produces unilateral facial weakness or paralysis to one half of the face - is called? | Bell's Palsy
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