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Path2Lec10&11Review

CanColl May 2012 Path 2 Lec10&11 Review Dec 2011

QuestionAnswer
Injuries to the superior part of the brachial plexus usually occur from? Excessive separation of the neck and shoulder (i.e. hyper lateral flexion of the neck)
Injuries to the upper brachial plexus are termed? Erb-Duchenne's Palsy
Common causes of Erb-Duchenne's palsy? Fall on to the shoulder (horseback riding, hockey), lateral blow to the neck (football) stretching of neck during delivery
Upper brachial plexus injuries affect which nerve roots? C5 & C6
The waiter's tip deformity is characterized by? affected arm is adducted and internally rotated with extension at the elbow, pronation of the forearm and flexion of the wrist
Erb-Duchenne's may result in the loss of which reflexes? biceps and brachioradialis
Lower Brachiual Plexus injuries are known as? Klumke's Paralysis
Are lower brachial plexus injuries more or less common than upper brachial plexus injuries? less common
What happens in an injury of the lower brachial plexus? The arm is suddenly pulled superiorly - often when one grasps something to avoid or break a fall
What nerve roots are affected by a lower brachial plexus injury? C8 & T1
Lower brachial plexus injuries usually affect the mm's, and skin supplied by which nerve? Ulnar
Common afflictions associated with lower brachial plexus injuries (Klumke's Paralysis) include: claw hand (ulnar)
What is the most common condition causing thoracic outlet syndrome? Costoclavicular Approximation
Describe Costoclavicular approximation. compression of the space between the clavicle and first rib.
Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior mm's? long thoracic nerve
What happens when the serratus anterior mm is paralyzed? winging of the scapula
Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii? musculocutaneous
Which nerve innervates the deltoid mm? Axillary
Which nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome? median
Which nerve is injured when the so-called "oath hand" results from an attempt to flex the fingers? Median
With which nerve is the condition known as "ape hand" associated? median
Which nerve is the appearance of "claw hand" related to? Ulnar
Which nerve is most likely affected when the humeral bone is fractured? Radial
The characteristic signs in injuries to the radial nerve is an inability to extend the wrist. The wrist is flexed and lies flaccid - called? Wrist drop
Crutch paralysis or Saturday night palsy are caused by pressure to which nerve? Radial
The lumbar plexus is formed within which mm? Psoas
The largest and most important branches of the lumbar plexus are? Obturator and Femoral
The most significant nerve emerging from the sacral plexus is? The sciatic nerve
What is the largest nerve in the body? Sciatic
What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve? common peroneal and tibial
Injury to the femoral nerve would impair the ability to perform which actions? flex hip and extend knee (kicking)
Lesions to the obturator nerve impair the ability to perform which actions? hip adduction, external rotation of hip (crossing the legs is difficult)
Of the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves - which is motor and which is sensory? Ilioinguinal = sensory & genitofemoral = motor
Which reflex is associated with these nerves? Cremaster reflex (remeber the cremaster mm raises the testes)
A compressed and irritated nerve supplying the skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh - causes a condition called? Meralgia paresthetica
What are some of the etiological factors of meralgia paresthetica? constricting garments, obesity, pregnancy, prolong hip extension (supine bed-ridden patients)
Which actions are performed by mm's controlled by the sciatic nerve (the largest nerve in the body)? Extension of hip and flexion of that knee (the opposite of kicking)
From which nerve roots is the sciatic nerve derived? L4 - S 3
Where is the pain of sciatica (irritation of the sciatic nerve) usually felt? gluteal region, posterior aspect of thigh, post and lat aspects of the leg and lateral part of the foot (around the lat maleolus)
What are the two main ways in which pressure is exerted on the Sciatic nerve? 1. IVD herniation or bulge 2. compression of the piriformis MM = piriformis syndrome
Which MM's do the gluteal nerves innervate? The gluteus muscles
Which MM's does the superior gluteal nerve innervate? Glute med and min
Injury to the superior gluteal nerve leads to weakness of abduction and contra inclination of the pelvis which = a positive Trendelenburg sign
The gluteus maximus MM is innervated by which nerve? The inferior gluteal nerve
Damage to the inferior gluteal nerve will cause what problems with movement? weakened extensor of the hip - makes it difficult to rise from seated, to run and jump or to climb stairs
Chronic lesions to which nerve can cause pain and sensory disturbance to the sole of the foot? Tibial nerve
A condition which includes pain and sensory disturbance to the sole fo the foot (often secondary to tight casting following a leg fracture) is called? Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Severance of the tibial nerve = paralysis of the flexor MM's of the leg and sole of foot affecting ability to perform which actions? planterflexing of foot or toes
Which is the most frequently injured nerve in the lower leg? The common peroneal nerve
The common peroneal nerve is found on the (lateral or medial) side of the knee? Lateral
Severance of the common peroneal nerve results in paralysis of which mm's? The MM's that dorsiflex and evert the foot.
Paralysis of the Dorsiflexors and Evertors causes the foot to hang down - a condition that is known as? Foot Drop
Trigeminal neuralgia - a painful disorder of the sensory root of CN 5 - is also known as? Tic Douloureaux
A disease of the facial nerve (CN 7) that produces unilateral facial weakness or paralysis to one half of the face - is called? Bell's Palsy
Created by: Hanz Onn
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