Tissues p. 37-46
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| Tissue | a group of cells that are organized and work together to perform a function
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| Histology | study of tissues
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| Epithelial Tissue | cells; always found on the exposed surface inner & outer exposed surfaces
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| Connective Tissue | cells & stuff around the cells; made up of cells that are separated by matrix
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| Matrix | liquid- solid & almost anything in between
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| Muscle Tissue | cells; all muscle cells contain 2 proteins, actin & myacin which give them the ability to contract
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| Nervous Tissue | cells; 2 main areas- central nervous system (brain & spine) and peripheral nervous system (nerves-mostly)
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| Stratified | more than one layer
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| Basement Membrane | found at the bottom of the epithelial layer
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| Simple | only 1 layer of cells
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| Pseudostratified | false layers; 1 layer with nuclei at different levels
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| Squamous | fairly thin and broad (fish scale shape)
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| Cuboidal | same height and width
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| Columnar | column shaped, taller than they are wide
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| Transitional | change shape when pulled
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| Glandular | makes something & secretes it
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| Simple Squamous Epithelium | location: capillaries, alveoli
function: being very thin allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse through very rapidly
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| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | location: sweat glands, pancreas, mammary
function: make & secrete (sweat, insulin, milk)
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| Simple Columnar Epithelium | location: inner lining of digestive tract including inside of stomach & intestines
function: protection, absorption
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| Mucous | protects stomach & intestines
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| Microvilli | thicker than cilia; absorb nutrients
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| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium | structure: cilia, goblet cells, nuclei at different levels
location: upper respiratory, nasal cavity, trachea
function: helps moisten air we inhale, traps dust & bacteria, cilia moves mucous toward throat, protects the lungs
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| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | structure: dead cells, dying cells, living cells (cuboidal)
location: skin, mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, vagina
function: protection from from friction
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| Transitional Epithelium | structure: stratified, changes shape
location: urinary bladder, ureters, urethra
function: allow epithelium to stretch
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| Glandular Epithelium | structure: usually lined with simple squamous epithelium
location: glands
function: produce & secrete
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| Matrix | unique to connective tissue, material found between cells
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| Collagen | protein, long fiber, provides strength, the most common protein in our body
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| Elastin | protein, shorter than collagen, provides the ability to stretch and return to it's original shape "elastic"
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| Adipose Tissue | never go through mitosis; cells called adipocytes; matrix is gel-like in consistency; located under the skin and covering many of our organs; function-storing fat (lipids) as oil, insulation, cushion some organs (heart, kidneys), protection
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| Fibrous Connective Tissue/Dense Connective Tissue/Regular Connective Tissue | cells called fibroblasts which make the matrix; matrix is mostly collagen with a little elastin (definite direction); located in tendons, ligaments, scars & dermis
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| Cartilage | cells (chondrocytes) found in fluid filled spaces; matrix is collagen and elastin (going in all directions); located in ears, nose, ribs to sternum, between each vertebrae in our back & the ends of long bones; function as flexible framework & protection
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| Lacuna | fluid filled spaces where we find chodrocytes
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| Bone | structure: central canal, canaliculi, lacunae; cells: osteocytes; matrix: minerals small amounts of collagen & elastin; location: bones; function: storage, protection, rigid framework & movemnet
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| Blood | cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets; matrix: plasma; location: blood; function: red blood cells deliver oxygen, white blood cells protect, platelets stop bleeding, transportation
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| Red Blood Cells | most common and most numerous blood cell, no nucleus; erythrocyte; deliver oxygen
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| White Blood Cells | largest blood cell, 5 types, 2-3 times larger than red blood cells, has a nucleus; leukocyte; protection
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| Platelets | blood cells found generally in clusters; thrombocytes (small fragments); stopping bleeding, transportation
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| Striated | striped
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| Smooth | not striped
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| Voluntary | voluntary
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| Involuntary | automatically controlled; controlled by nervous system, but not consciously
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| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | structure: contain actin & myacin, attached to bone, striated, cells are long, tube-like shape), multiple nuclei, same direction; location: skeletal muscles; function: ability to contract, used to move the skeleton, posture, produce most of our body heat
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| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | structure: striated, intercalated disks where muscle cells meet (communication not connection, branched, forked one nucleus; location: heart; function: create pressure so that it can pump blood
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| Smooth Muscle Tissue | structure: tapered cells, smallest of muscle cells, smooth, involuntary, has 1 nucleus; location: esophagus, stomach, intestines, digestive tract, walls of blood vessels, sphincters; function: push food through & help mix with secretions, gate keepers
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| Central | brain & spine
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| Peripheral | nerves, connections between organs and brain & spine
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| Neuron | cell that can carry nerve impulses (signals), large cell body usually with projections that either gather information or carry a signal
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| Neuroglial cell | brain, spine & nerves, cells in central nervous system that do not carry impulses
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| Brain Functions | storing, processing & analyzing information both consciously & unconsciously, makes decisions
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| Spine Functions | reflexes
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| Nerve Functions | allow communication between central nervous system and body organs
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