Beil Trail Guide Introduction

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palpation

to examine or explore by touching

palpation involves (3 things)

locating a structure, becoming aware of its characteristics, assessing its quality or condition

rolling and strumming

rolling fingers or thumb across instead of along

palpation method for part of a body that is moving

keep hand still to feel for movement

palpation of a body part that is still

move your hand (rolling or strumming) along its edges

active movement

client actively moves their body while you palpate or observe the movement

passive movement

client is relaxed while you move their body

resisted movement

client attemps to move while you resist the movement

number of sensory receptors in skin

600,000

number of nerve endings in every square inch of fingertiip

50,000

three hints on palpation

move slowly, avoid excessive pressure, focus awareness on what you are feeling

skin

gest organ of the body, weighing nearly 10 percent of total body weight

average thickness of skin

1/20 of an inch

thinest skin of body

eyelids, 1/500 of an inch

bone

bone shape and rigidity are constant unlike muscles which can transform from soft to hard to soft again

muscle

volentary contractile tissure that moves the skeleton

epimysium

wraps a muscle

perimysium

wraps bundles of fibers within a muscle

endomysium

wraps individual muscle fibers

periosteum

wraps bone and connects to tendons

three distinguishing characteristics of muscle

1muscle has a striated texture 2 fibers can be parallel, convergent, or diagonal 3 it can be contracted or relaxed

prime mover

muscle that performs the action

synergist

muscles that support the prime mover

antagonists

muscles which resist the actionof the prime mover

tendon

attach muscle to bone, can become taut or relax

ligament

connects bone to bone, always taut

fascia

dense connective tissue, beneath the skin and around muscles and organs

types of fascia

superficial and deep

Retinaculum

structure that holds an organ or tissure in place

Retinaculum

a transverse thickening of the deep fascia which straps tendowns down in a praticular location or position

Retinaculum are

superficial and perpendicular to tendons

Occlude

obstructed especially relating to arteries

Palpation near arteries and veins

do not apply direct pressure (do not occlude) be gently and carefull near major arteries and veins

Bursa

small fluid filled sac that reduces friction between two structures

Number of bursa in the body

around 600

location of bursa

between two mucsles, two tendons, a tendon and a ligament, or a muscle and a ligament and cushions skin, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and organs from bone

Bursitis

inflamation of the bursa, accompanied by tenderness and crepitation of the joint

Palpation hints

bursa in not usually palpable except for in bursitis where they can become visible

William Harvey

first experimental scientist, discovered that blood circulates throughout body, came up with a description of cardiovascular system including valves in viens

plexuses

bundle of nerves

Nerve Vessels

tube shaped, mobile, and tender when compressed

Palpation Hints on Nerves

best avoid palpation of nerves due to sharp shooting sensation pressing on nerves may create

Lymph Nodes

collect lymphatic fluid, bean shaped and range in size from pea to almond, slightly movable and nontender

Palpation Hints of Lymph Nodes

lymph nodes are palpable in groups such as in the neck, axilla, and groin

Adipose Tissue

loose connective tissue