Beil Trail Guide Introduction
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| palpation | to examine or explore by touching
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| palpation involves (3 things) | locating a structure, becoming aware of its characteristics, assessing its quality or condition
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| rolling and strumming | rolling fingers or thumb across instead of along
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| palpation method for part of a body that is moving | keep hand still to feel for movement
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| palpation of a body part that is still | move your hand (rolling or strumming) along its edges
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| active movement | client actively moves their body while you palpate or observe the movement
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| passive movement | client is relaxed while you move their body
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| resisted movement | client attemps to move while you resist the movement
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| number of sensory receptors in skin | 600,000
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| number of nerve endings in every square inch of fingertiip | 50,000
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| three hints on palpation | move slowly, avoid excessive pressure, focus awareness on what you are feeling
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| skin | gest organ of the body, weighing nearly 10 percent of total body weight
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| average thickness of skin | 1/20 of an inch
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| thinest skin of body | eyelids, 1/500 of an inch
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| bone | bone shape and rigidity are constant unlike muscles which can transform from soft to hard to soft again
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| muscle | volentary contractile tissure that moves the skeleton
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| epimysium | wraps a muscle
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| perimysium | wraps bundles of fibers within a muscle
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| endomysium | wraps individual muscle fibers
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| periosteum | wraps bone and connects to tendons
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| three distinguishing characteristics of muscle | 1muscle has a striated texture 2 fibers can be parallel, convergent, or diagonal 3 it can be contracted or relaxed
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| prime mover | muscle that performs the action
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| synergist | muscles that support the prime mover
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| antagonists | muscles which resist the actionof the prime mover
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| tendon | attach muscle to bone, can become taut or relax
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| ligament | connects bone to bone, always taut
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| fascia | dense connective tissue, beneath the skin and around muscles and organs
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| types of fascia | superficial and deep
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| Retinaculum | structure that holds an organ or tissure in place
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| Retinaculum | a transverse thickening of the deep fascia which straps tendowns down in a praticular location or position
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| Retinaculum are | superficial and perpendicular to tendons
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| Occlude | obstructed especially relating to arteries
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| Palpation near arteries and veins | do not apply direct pressure (do not occlude) be gently and carefull near major arteries and veins
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| Bursa | small fluid filled sac that reduces friction between two structures
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| Number of bursa in the body | around 600
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| location of bursa | between two mucsles, two tendons, a tendon and a ligament, or a muscle and a ligament and cushions skin, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and organs from bone
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| Bursitis | inflamation of the bursa, accompanied by tenderness and crepitation of the joint
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| Palpation hints | bursa in not usually palpable except for in bursitis where they can become visible
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| William Harvey | first experimental scientist, discovered that blood circulates throughout body, came up with a description of cardiovascular system including valves in viens
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| plexuses | bundle of nerves
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| Nerve Vessels | tube shaped, mobile, and tender when compressed
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| Palpation Hints on Nerves | best avoid palpation of nerves due to sharp shooting sensation pressing on nerves may create
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| Lymph Nodes | collect lymphatic fluid, bean shaped and range in size from pea to almond, slightly movable and nontender
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| Palpation Hints of Lymph Nodes | lymph nodes are palpable in groups such as in the neck, axilla, and groin
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| Adipose Tissue | loose connective tissue
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| locations of adipose tissue | around kidneys, around joints, behind eyes, in subcutaneous tissue
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