Cells and structure
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Organelle | Structures inside of the cell
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| What is the 6 functions of cells | Basic unit of life, protection and support, movement, communication, cell metabolism and energy release, inheritance
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| Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane | outermost component of a cell, forms a boundary, protects cell
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| Extracellular substance | substances outside the cell
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| Intracellular Substance | substances inside the cell
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| Mosaic Model | a structural model of the arrangement of molecules in a cell membrane
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| Nucleus | cell organelle containing most of the genetic material of the cell, center of a atom with protons and neutrons
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| Nucleolus | rounded dense, well defined bodies with no surrounding membrane, units of ribosomes are manufactured here
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) | in cytoplasm, many attached ribosomes, site of protein synthesis
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) | in cytoplasm, site of lipid synthesis
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| Golgi Apparatus | in cytoplasm, modifies protein structure and packages proteins in secretory vesicles
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| Lysosomes | in cytoplasm, contains enzymes that digest material taken into cells
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| Mitochondrion | the powerhouse, in cytoplasm, site of aerobic respiration and the major site of ATP synthesis
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| Microtubules | in cytoplasm, supports cytoplasm, assists in cell division and forms components of cilia and flagella
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| Cilia | On cell surface with many on each cell they move substances over surface of certain cells
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| Flagella | On sperm cell surface with one per cell, propels the sperm cells
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| Microvilli | extension of cell surface with many on each cell increase surface area of certain cells
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| Ribosomes | small spherical cytoplasmic organelle where protein synthesis occurs
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| Cytoskeleton | the collection of microtubules microfilaments and intermediate filaments that support the cytoplasm and organelles also involved with cell movements
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| What are 4 ways molecules can pass through the cell membrane | Directly through the phospholipid membrane, membrane channels, carrier molecules and vesicles
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| Solution | mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
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| Solutes | dissolved substance in a solution
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| Solvent | liquid that holds a other substance in solution
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| Diffusion | tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to a area of lower concentration in a solution the product of the constant random motion of all atoms ions or molecules in a solution
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| Concentration gradient | the measure of the difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points
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| Osmosis | diffusion of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration
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| Osmotic pressure | force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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| Hypotonic | solution that causes cells to swell
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| Isotonic | solution that causes cells to neither shrink or swell
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| Hypertonic | solution that causes cells to shrink
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| Facilitated Diffusion | carrier mediated process that does not require ATP and moves substances into or out of cells from a higher to lower concentration
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| Active transport | carrier mediated process that requires ATP and can move substances into or out of cells from a lower to a higher concentration
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| Sodium potassium exchange pump | moves sodium ions out of the cells and potassium ions into cells
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| Endocytosis | bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane by taking it into a vesicle
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| Exocytosis | Eliminaton of material from a cell through the formation of cells
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| Glycolysis | anaerobic process during which one glucose molecule is converted to 2 pyruvic acid molecules, a net of 2 ATP molecules is produced during Glycolysis
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| Aerobic Respiration | breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and about 38 ATP molecules includes glycolysis the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain
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| Anerobic Respiration | breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid and 2 ATP molecules consists of glycolysis and the reduction of pyruvic acid to lactic acid
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