chapter 12 bontrager
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| Total number of cranium bones? | 8
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| Total number of facial bones? | 14
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| List the four cranial bones that form the calvaria. | Lt. parietal- Rt. parietal- Frontal- Occipital
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| The four cranial bones that form the floor of cranium. | Lt. & rt. temporal- Sphenoid- Ethmoid
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| A structure found in the middle of the sphenoid bone that surrounds the pituiatary gland? | Sella turcica
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| The posterior aspect of sella turcica is called? | Dorsum sellae
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| which allow for the passage of the optic nerve and is the opening into the orbit? and where it is located? | The foramen optic. And is located in the sphenoid bone.
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| which structure of the sphenoid bone help form part of the nasal cavitie? | medial and lateral petrygoid cavity!
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| which radiographic cranial position best demonstrate the sella turcica? | Lateral
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| which aspect of the frontal bone forms the superior aspect of the orbit? | orbital and horizontal portion
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| know the six asterions and fontanels | Fontanels: coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal, sagital
Asterions: Bregma ( anterior), Lambda ( Posterior), pterion ( Rt. and Lt. sphenoid), asterion ( Rt. and Lt. mastoid)
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| Cranial sutures are classified as being? | Fibrous joints
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| Which term descibes the superior rim of the orbit? | Superior orbital margin ( SOM)
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| what is the name of the notch that separates the orbital plates from each other? | Ethmoidal notch
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| Which cranial bones form the the upper lateral walls of the clvarium? | Lt. and Rt. parietal
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| Which cranial bone form the foramen magnum? | occipital
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| A small prominence located on the squamous portion of the occipital bone called ? | Inion
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| what is the name of the oval process found on the occipital bone that help form the occipito-stlantal joint? | occipital condyles
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| List the three aspects of the temporal bones? | Squamous, ptroid, mastoid
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| The mastoid portion is the densest of the three aspect of temporal bone? T/F | FALSE: PETROUS PORTION
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| which external landmark correspond with the petrous ridge? | TEA
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| Which opening in the temporal bone serves as a passageway for nerves of hearing and equilibrium? | Internal acoustic meatus
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| Which structure makes up the cartilagious, external ear? | auricle
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| which small membrane marks the begining of the middle ear? | tympanic membrane
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| what is the collective term for the small bones of the middle ear? | auditory aussicles
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| which structure allow for communication between the nasopharynx and middle ear? | auditory tube
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| what is the major function described in Q: 7 | equalize the atmospheric pressure
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| which structure serves as an opening between the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and the middle ear? | aditus
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| what is the name of the thin plate of bone that separates the mastoid air cells from the brain? | tegmen tympani
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| which one of the auditory ossicles picks up sound vibration from the tympanic membrane | malleus
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| which one of the auditory asscles is considered the smallest? | stapes
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| which one of the auditory ossicle reaembles premolar tooth? | incus
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| which two sensory function occur within the inner ear? | hearing, equiliobrium
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| The cochlea is a closed system relating to the sense of hearing? T/F | true
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| which imaging modalities best demonstrate otosclerosis? | ct
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| List the 3 lassification of the skull? | mesocephalic, brachiocephalic, dolichocephalic
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| Two older terms for the OML are reid's base line and anthropologic base line? T/F | false, these are others terms for IOML
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| there is a ......... degree difference between the orbitomeatal and infraorbitomeatal lines? | 7 to 8 degree
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| there is a ....... degree difference between orbitomeatal and glabellomeatal lines? | same
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| what is the average Kv range for Skull radiography? | 70-85 kv
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| The AP axial (town) results in 10 times more dose to the thyroid than a PA axial ( haas) projection? T/F | True
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| List five more common errors in skull radiography> | rotation, tilt, excessive extension, excessive flexion, incorrect C.R angulation.
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| Adult with osteoporosis mat require a 25% to 30% reduction in mAs during skull prjection? T/F | True
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| which pathologic indication may require an increase in manual exposure? | Paget's disease.
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| Which cranial bone is best demonstrated with AP axial ( town methode)? | occipital
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| when using a 30 degree caudad angle for the AP axial (town method) projection of skull, which positioning line should be perpendicular to I.R? | OML
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| A lack of symmetry of the petrous ridges indicates which of the following problems with an AP axial projection? | Rotation
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| If the patient cannot flex the head adequately for the AP axial (town), the technologist could place the ..... perpendicular to IR and angle the CR....... | IOML, 37 degree caudad.
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| what evidence on AP axial (twn) radiograph indicates whether the correct CR angle and correct head flexion were used? | Dorsum sellae, posterior clinoids on foramen magnum.
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| what CR angle should be used for for PA axial (haas) cranium? | 25 degree cephalad.
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| where is the CR centered for lateral projection of cranium? | 2inch above EAM
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| which positioning error is present if the mandibular rami are not superimposed on a lateral skull? | Rotation
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| where will the petrous ridges be projectedwith a 15 degree Pa axial (caldwell) projection for the cranium? | In the lower one third of the orbit.
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| which specific positioning error if the petrous ridges are projected higher in the orbits for a 15 degree PA axial projection? | extensive flexion or insufficient CR angle
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| where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of sella turcica? | 3/4 anterio, 3/4 superior to EAM
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| which skull positioning line is placed parallel to the IR for ans SMV projection? | IOML
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| which AP axial projection for sella turcica best visualizes the anterior clinoid processes? | 30 degree caudal to IOML
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| which projection best demostrate the foramen rotundum? | 25 to 30 degree PA axial
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| which projection best demonstrate the clivus in profile? | lateral
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| where does the CR exit for a PA axial (haas) of skull? | one and half inch superior to the nasion.
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| what type of CR is used if dorsum sellae and posteior clinoid are of interest? | 37 degree caudad
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