Laws and protocols
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| First major environmental legislation. Must evaluate impacts of project prior to undertaking | NEPA. National Environmental Policy Act 1970
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| Protects wildlife and plants in danger of becoming extinct and their habitat. • Once a species is listed: Illegal to kill or destroy the habitat of a listed species; If species recovers, de-list species (bald eagle no longer endangered) | National Endangered Species Act, 1973 (ESA)
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| Purpose is to restore and maintain physical, chemical, and biological integrity of nation’s waters. Industries discharging wastes must have permit and meet federal standards | Clean Water Act, 1972
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| Designed to protect quality of drinking water (surface and groundwater sources) from public water systems | Safe Drinking Water Act 1974
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| Initiatives research and development program for air pollution control | Clean Air Act 1990
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| • Fund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites • EPA tries to find responsible parties than sues to recover money | Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund)
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| Identifies hazardous waste and tracks it throughout its life (generation, transport, disposal - cradle to grave approach) | Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
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| • Develop data regarding effects of chemicals on human health/environment • Know risks of chemical prior to it sale | Toxic Substances Control Act (ToSCA)
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| To minimize effects of surface mining upon landscape. Overseen by states, decide if land can be mined. Lands must support pre-mining or better use, Prime farmland must be restored to equal or higher level | Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, 1977
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| Forbids interstate commerce in illegally killed wildlife | Lacy Act 1900
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| Protects waterways to promote commerce | Rivers and harbors act 1899
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| Can’t dump industrial waste or sewage into ocean after 1991 | ocean dumping ban 1988
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| • Preserves wilderness areas to provide opportunities for solitude • To qualify as a wilderness, human imprints in area must be unnoticeable | US Wilderness act
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| • Agencies to coordinate with teach other to make sure wildlife receive consideration during planning/construction of major projects (dams, etc.) | Fish and Wildlife coordination Act
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| Policy regarding concept of multiple land use (ex: Forest Service lands) | Federal Land Policy Management Act (FLPMA)
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| • To protect humans/environment from pesticides • Pesticides must be registered, classified, labeled, and properly used | Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
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| • Set new standards for way EPA regulates pesticides (must be reasonable certain pesticides used on foods are not harmful) | Food Quality Protection Act, 1996
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| • Disposal sites (repositories) for high-level radioactive waste should be developed | Nuclear Waste Policy Act
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| • States have responsibility to deal with low-level radioactive waste | Low Level Radioactive Policy Act
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| • Moratorium on mineral exploration for 50 years in Antarctica | Madrid Protocol
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| International agreement meant to regulate trade of wild animals/plants so as not to threaten their survival | Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITIES)
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| • Controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries • Many developing nations not participating | Kyoto Protocol, 1997
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| • Phase-out of ozone deleting substances (CFC’s down 50% by year 2000) • Some developing nations not participating | Montreal Protocol 1987
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