Histology powerpoint 1 epithelium
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| Why study Histology? | It intertwines the disciplines of cell biology, biochemistry, physiology and pathology.
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| Histology class objectives are? | 1 teach normal tissue structure and function. 2 compare normal vs pathological micro-anatomical structure and function. 3 learn basic concepts of histology ie...4 tissue types.
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| List the hierarchy of living things | 1. atoms 2. molecules 3. cells 4. tissues 5. organs 6. organ systems 7. organisms
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| what is tissue? | 2 OR more cells grouped together for a common function.
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| name the four basic tissue types. | 1. epithelium 2. connective tissue 3. muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue
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| How many steps involved in preparing tissue for study? | six
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| what are the steps involved in preparing tissue? | fixation, dehydration, clearing, embedding, sectioning, mounting/staining
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| what are the most commonly used stains in histology | Hematoxylin and Eosin
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| Name the three embryonic Germ layers | Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
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| How many Embryonic Germ layers are there? | three
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| give the four part outline of Epithelium as described in class | germ layers, two forms of epithelium, its function, its classifications
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| What is the most abundant of the four types of tissues | Connective tissue
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| list some of the sections that may appear on a slide. | cross section, longitudinal, oblique,
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| Describe the each of the steps in preparing a histo slide. | Fixation: treating with a chemical agent to retard alterations. 2.Dehydration with alcohol. 3.clearing with xylene makes the tissue clear. 4 embedding the tissue in paraffin. 5 cutting in Sections. 6 mounting on a slide and then staining.
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| What is the most common type of microscope used in histology? | compound microscope is the most common. because it uses a group of lenses.
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| Name another type of imaging techniques for slides. | Digital imagining for immediate visualization, modification, and enhancement.
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| Classifications of tissue based on what? | the tissue layers, and the shape of the cells.
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| name the two types of layers of tissue. | simple and stratified
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| what are the shapes of tissue cells? | squamous, cuboidal, columnar
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| name the three types of simple single layered tissue. | simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar.
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| how is the shape of the nucleus differentiated between cuboidal and columnar and squamous? | Cuboidal cells have round nuclei and squamous and columnar have oval nuclei.
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| simple cell layering has how many layers | one layer
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| statified tissue has how many layers of cells? | more than two layers of cells.
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| Name three types of tissue | stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, psuedostratified columnar, transitional tissues
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| transitonal tissue has what kinds of tissue? | It has many types as the tissue changes tasks as it gets deeper.
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| describe pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. | cilia at the top above columnar cytoplasm of pseudostratified columnarasasl cells.
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| name the two apical domain surface modifications and there use. | microvilli common in intestines, kidneys, and cilia common in trachea, bronchi and oviduct and ear canal.
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| name the six functions of epithelial tissue | protection, transcellular transportation, secretions, selective permeability, absorption, detection of sensations.
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| What is a lumen? | the space between cells.
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| are epithelial cells vascular or avascular? | avascular
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| Where role does the basal lamina play with epithelial cells? | separates the tissue from, and allows nourishment and oxygen through from underlying connective tissue.
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| The three types of basal surface specializations are | basal lamina, plasma membrane enfolding, hemidesmosomes.
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| the lateral domain(membrane) specializations reveal the presence of | junctional complexes.
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| There are three types of junctional complexes in the lateral domain | 1 occluding junctions 2 anchoring junctions 3communicating junctions.
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| characteristics of occluding junctions are | tight impermeable barriers
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| characteristics of Anchoring junctions are | desosomes or adherence to other cells or lamina
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| characteristics of communicating junctions are | gap junctions where communication between cells takes place.
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| Basal Lamina for | the boundary between epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
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| Plasma membrane enfolding | increases surface area of the cell.
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| hemidesmosomes | attach basal cell membrane to basal lamina
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| Desmosomes are | weld-like junctins along the lateral cell membranes that help to resist shearing forces.
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| the two major groups of Glands are | Exocrine and Endocrine glands.
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| Cytokines are | signaling molecules that communicate between cells
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| cytokines are released by | a signaling cell
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| Name the three effects cytokines can have on target cells | autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine
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| autocrine cytokrines do what when released | stimulate the cell that released them.
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| Paracrine cytokines the target cells is | located in the vicinity so don't have to enter the vascular system for distribution.
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| endcrine cytokine signaling has to travel far and thus | is transported by blood or the lymph system.
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| Exocrine glands secrete their products via | ducts on the external or internal epithelial surface from which they originate.
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| unicellular exocrine glands are the | simplest forms of exocrine glands
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| a primary example of a unicellular exocrine gland is the | goblet cell
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| the number of Exocrine glands are | unicellular and multicellular.
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| Multicellular exocrne glands exist as | organized clusters of secretory units.
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| Exocrine glands are catagorized by three things | the nature of secretion, the mode of secretion and the numbe of cells.
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| The three modes of secretion of exocrines | holocrine, merocrine, apocrine
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| halocrine secretes as they mature they | become the secretory product.
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| exocrine glands secrete their products via | a duct to the surface of their epithelial 0rigin.
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| merocrine glands secretions occur via | exocytosis, as a result neither cell membrane nor cytoplasm becomes part of the secretion.
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| apocrine glands are thought to secrete... | a small portion of the apical cytoplasm with the secretory product.
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| Endocrine glands are ductless thus | release directly into the bloodstream or the lymphatic system.
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| Regarding ducts the endocrine gland is which? and the exocrine is which? | endocrine is ductless, exocrine has ducts.
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| the major endocrine glands are | superarenal(adrenal), pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries, testes, placenta
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| Secretory cells are arranged in two ways | as cords of cells or in a follicular arrangement. Cord type being the most common.
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| the arrangement of the cord type form | anastomosing cords around capillaries or blood sinusoids. ie: pituitary gland
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| Whereas Follicular cells arrange to | surround a cavity that receives and stores the seceted hormone. ie thyroid gland
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