Everything covered in pathology
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| What is Health? | Mental, pyhsicl, emotional and spiritual well-being
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| What is pathology? | The scientific study of disease
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| 5 commons Disease in Canada? | Heart disease, cancer, lung disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes
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| What are the two pathologies that are consider chronic and have a large impact on Canadians? | Arthristis and Obesity
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| What are predisposing Risk Factors? | gentics, living environment, lifestyle, gender, age
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| Define Homeostasis? | the ability of the body to maintain an equilibrium, within its internal environment
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| Define Pathogenesis? | the development stages of a disease.
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| What are some mechanisims of disease? | genetic disease, infection, inflammation, neoplasms, immune disorders, pyhsica trauma, chemical
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| What is an infectious disease? | invade and destroy living tissue, caused by pathogenes, produces substance toxic to the body
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| Cardinal Signs of Infections are: | redness (erythema, swelling, heat, pain, fever, enlarged lymph glands
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| what are wide spread infection signs? | fever, headaches, weakness, delirium
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| Define begin tumours? | develop slowly, can arise from any tissue, do not pread to other tissues, do not grow back if amputated
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| Define malignant tumour? | have ability to spread and reproduce, can spread through the blood and lymph glands
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| what is an Abrasion ? | Outer layers of skin ad underlying tissue are scraped away ex. road rash, scrapes
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| What are PTA/OTA interventions for Abrasions? | aviod situations where they can further harm the injury, beware of bandaging, wear gloves
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| What is an Avulsion? | when a portion of the skin and underlying tissue is cut away ex. toe cut off
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| What are PTA/OTA interventons for avulsions? | don't get dressings wet, avoid affected area if new injury, wear gloves
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| What is a Thermal insult? | results in extreme heat or cold ex. heat strokes, burns
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| What is frostbite? | extremely cold tissue, usually face, ears, finger toes turn white, are numb and little pain is felt
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| What is hyperthermia? | a general cooling of the bdy if core temp drops below 95 degrees
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| What is Osteoarthrisits? | degenerative joint disese, most common arthritis and effects mainly cartilage
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| What is the Primary OA and what can it be caused by? | wear and tear that begins to break down articular crtilage and caused by autoimmune disease, inflammatory and bacterial
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| What is Secondary OA and what is the prevelance? | results in injury, repetitive stress, repeated gout, poor posture and prevelance increase with age, men 45, women after 45
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| What are some symptoms of OA? | -insidious onset (slowly) -changes in synovial membrane -swelling/tenderness -muscle weakness
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| What are some treatments of OA? | -maintian ROM in joints -anti- inflammatories
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| What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? | -chronic inflammatory disease, effects the joints symmetrically, happens in both hips -destroys cartilage and bone, deforms joints
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| what is the etiology of etiology? | unknown, genetics virus, environmental factors
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| what is the prevelance of RA? | 1% of pop. more in women , higher in prevelance in urban areas
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| Cardinal Symptoms of RA? | inflammatory synovits, joint destruction, muscle atrophy, bone destruction
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| what are 3 types of deformities with RA? | 1. ulnar drift 2. boutonniere deformity 3. swan neck deformity
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| What is Osteoporosis? | condition in which there is wasting or deterioration of bone mass and density
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| what is type 1 of osteoporosis? | post-meopausal women - estrogen deficiency
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| what is type 2 of osteoporosis? | occurs in men and women and effects the vertebrae and weight bearing joints
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| What s etiology of Osteoporosis? | metabolic condition, imbalance b/w breakdown of old bone and formation of new
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| What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis? | loss of height, dropping ribs, commonly affects spine, wrist, hips
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| Burtits is defined as? | -inflammed, infected or traumatized -repetitive movements or prolonged and excessive pressure
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| What are the symptom of Burtitis? | tenderness, pain on movement, edema (swelling)
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| what is treatment of Burtisis? | rest, ice packs, anti-inflammatories and ROM
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| Where does Frozen Shoulder occur? | often in the NON DOMINANT shoulder
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| What are the three stages of froen shoulder? | 1. freezing 2. frozen 3. thawing out
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| Define strain? | a twist, pull or tear of muscle or tendon
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| Define sprain? | an acuteor partial tear of a ligament
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| What are the 5 types of fractures? | -closed or simple -open (can see bone) -transverse fracture -greenstick (bone bends) - burst facture
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| Who does bone plate fracture occur in? | happens in children, they will then stop growing
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| What are Herniated discs caused by? | the annulus fibrosis breaks open and nucleus pulposus escapes
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| Gerd happens when? and causes what? | Happens in stomach and duodenal back flow in to esophagus causes heart burn, belching and vomiting in mouth
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| What is the treatment of GERD? | elevate the head of the bed, light meals, proton pump inhibitors, surgery
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| What are the two types of Peptic Ulcers? | gastric and duodenal
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| Define Hiatus Hernia | upper part of the stomah protrudes up through the esophageal, the sphincter does not work therefore they would go up into esophagus
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| What would be some symptoms of Hiatus Hernia? | heartburn (wrose in recline), chest pain, difficulty swallowing
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| Define the two types of Hiatus Hernia | sliding hiatus hernia - happens when part of stomach protrudes into chest when swallowing Para-oseophageal hernia- happens when part of stomach passes into chest
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| Gastroenteritis can be determined by: | -inflammation of stomach and intestines -mucus,puss and blood in stool -diarrhea,cramps, vomiting, loss of appetite
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| Cirrhosis of the liver is known as... | chronic degeneration of the liver, normal liver cells that are replaced with scars
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| What are some determinants of Cirrhosis of the liver? | nausea, vomiting, red spidery marks on face and body. bleed and bruise easily, abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen
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| Hepatitis A is a ? | viral disease = mild liver infection
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| headache anorexia, fever, inflamed liver and dark urine are all symptoms of ? | Hepatitis A, B and C
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| Hepatitis A is highly contagious, true or false? | true
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| What disease can be transmitted through blood, semen vaginal secretions and saliva? | Hepatitis B
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| Does hepatitis C has a cure, true or false? | false, it is not curable
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| What is the disease that causes an inflammatory disorder of the GI tract and can cause chrinic diarrhea, cramps and abdominal pain? | Crohn's Disease
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| Type of pneumonia caused by bacteria that can spread through the air is? | Legionnaires Disease
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| Define Pneumonia | many different types, that is an infection or inflammation of the lungs, air sacs fill with fluid and puss
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| Define Asthma | increased reaction of the bronchioles to a variety of stimuli
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| What is another name for collapsed lung? | Atelectasis
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| What can cause collapsed lung? | obstruction in bronchole tree, post op complications, prolonged inactivity
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| If there is chronic inflammation of mucus membrane lining, increased mucus production and bacterial infections in the lungs what might this be classified as? | Chronic Bronchitis
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| Emphysema is an irreversible lung damage,weakening and breaking of air scas, true or false? | True
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| Name some modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disorders... | -smoking, physical inactivity, overweight, type 2 diabetes, increased alcohol use and shovelling
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| Name some non-modifiable risk factors... | age, sex, race, family history
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| What is Angina? | increased oxygen demands due to narrowing of conornary arteries
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| What are the cardinal signs of cardio disorder? | chest pains, trouble breathing, fast breathing, palpitations and fatigue
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| Very high blood pressure, increased wear and tear on artieral walls, major cause of heart failure are all classified under.. | hypertension
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| if damage is usually fatal, breathing, swallowing, digestive and eye movement are all affected what where would the brain injury have occured? | Brain Stem
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| If balance and coordination are affected and results are clumsiness and shaking where would the brain injury have occured? | cerebellum
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| If processing info becomes difficult and loss of right sided vision would be a result of what type of brain inury? | Occipital Lobe
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| Hearing, memory, language and emotional labiality would be from what type of brain injury? | Temproal Lobe
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| If sensory activities are difficult as well as language and memory problems where has brain injury occured? | Frontal Lobe
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| Transient Ischemic Attack is a medical name for a.. | little stroke
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| What happens during a little stroke? | -blood supply to brain is temp. interrupted - results in impaired neurological functioning
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| Acute : | short or small
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| ankyl/o : | stiffness
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| ortho/o : | correct
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| exacerbation : | mental state
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| osteo/o : | bone
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| my/o : | muscle
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| gloss/o : | tongue
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| hepat/o : | liver
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| remission : | period of abated disease
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| enter/o : | intestine
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| delusion : | false belief
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| -pepsia : | state of digestion
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| dyspnea : | difficult breathing
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| epistaxis : | nosebleed
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| cyanosis : | blue skin tone
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| asphyxia : | lack of oxygen
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| tinnitus : | ringing in ears
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| benign : | not life threatening, not malignant
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| SOB : | shortness of breath
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| paroxysmal : | reoccuring in paroxysm
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| RD : | respiratory distress
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| -capnia : | carbon dioxide content in blood
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| -uria : | substance in urine
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| arrythmia : | irregular rhythm of heartbeat
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| atrophy : | wasting away, deterioration
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| purulent : | containing, discharging puss(eww)
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| hypoxemia : | lack of oxygen in blood
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| scler/o : | hard
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| sept/o : | septum
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| -scope : | intrument for viewing or observing
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| CV : | Cardiovascular
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| DVT : | deep venous thrombosis
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| pneum/o : | air/gas
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| agnosia : | loss of sensory stimuli
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| -osmia : | smell
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| Hx : | medical history/record
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| apraxia : | loss of performance/skills
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| ascites : | accumulation of fluid in abdomen
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| R/O : | rule out
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| stasis : | slowing/stopping or sustained
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| idiopathic : | unknown cure
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| congentital : | exisiting at birth or before birth
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| pruritus : | itchy
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| diaphoresis : | perspiration
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| BP or B/P : | Blood pressure
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| erythema : | redness
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| -ectomy : | surgical removal
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| hyperplasia : | increase in number of cells in organs or tissues
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| dysphagia : | difficulty swallowing
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| What is the #1 symptoms of CVA? | headache, sudden numbness, weakness, confusion, trouble speaking and walking
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| If a stroke is cause by a blood clot that clocks a blood vessel or artery to the brain it is what type ? | Ischemic Stroke
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| What is a Hemorrage Stroke? | caused by a blood vessel in the brain that breaks and bleeds into the brain
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| If a blood clot blocks flow to a certain part of the brain what type of clot is it? | Thrombotic clot
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| A blood clot breaks off and travels to an area of the brain and obtructs blood flow what type of clot is it? | Embolic clot
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| What does ABI stand for and what is the #1 cause for it? | Aquired Brain Injury and car accidents
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| Describe and list the three traumatic brain injuries | acceleration- head struck by moving object
deceleration- head strikesa stationary object
coup-contracoup- car accidents, brain shaking in skull
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| what type of disease is Huntington's Disease? | hereditary, progressive degenerative disorder, results in brain atrophy and death
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| What are some signs of Huntington's Disease? | uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual abilities, emotional disturbances
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| what is the most common cause of neurological death each year in Canada? | ALS
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| What does ALS affect? | destroys motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle movements
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| What type of diease is HIV & AIDS? | a retro virus that is spread through bodily fluids that attack T cells
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| Systemic Lupus Erythematosis is described as? | -chronic autoimmune disease, attacks connective tissue and causes inflammation of the joints, skin kidneys, lungs and brain
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| What are the three types of Lupus? | -SLE
-Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
-Drug induced lupus
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| -painful or swollen joints, sores in mouth and nose red rash across cheeks and nose are all signs of what disease? | Systemic Lupus Erythermatosis
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