all animal science vocab
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| Essential Amino Acids | EAA, Amino Acids that can not be produced in sufficient quantity in the body and must be obtained from food
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| fiber | Portion of ingested foods that resist digestion in the GI tract
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| GI tract | Gastrointestinal Tract
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| Calories | amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1gram of water from 14.5 celsius
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| The Six Nutrients | Vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins, carbs & water
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| Vitamins | Vitamins help release energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fats
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| Minerals | Members of this nutrient class are essential for life-sustaining metabolic processes
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| fats | dietary fat is a concentrated energy source, a carrier for fat soluble vitamins, and plays many roles in the body.
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| Proteins | an essential dietary nutrient, supplies cats & dogs with amino acids for a wide range of body functions
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| Carbohydrates | provide cats and dogs with a readily available source of energy, starches, sugars
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| Water | most crucial nutrient of the body, loss of 10% equals death
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| Metabolism | the process by which large molecules are broken into smaller molecules to make energy available to the organism
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| Dry-Matter basis | Method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis
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| Adipose | stored fat tissue
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| Beef Tallow | solid fat made by rendering fat from cattle.
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| palatability | degree of readiness
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| As-Fed pr As-Is Basis | concentration of nutrients in food in the form consumed by the animal; includes moisture content of the food
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| Gross Energy | Total amount of potential energy in food; not completely used by an animal because some energy losses
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| BCS (Body Condition Score) | determination of an animal's relative proportion of muscle to fat using visual assessment and palpation
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| Lean Body Mass | fat-free mass of the body; that part of the body including all its components except fat (stored lipids)
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| Complex Carbohydrates | called polysaccharides, are long chains of simple sugar
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| polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates that yield simple sugars when digested
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| Simple Carbohydrates | include simple sugars (Monosaccharieds, sugars are easily digested for energy)
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| Enzymes | any protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body by acting as a catalyst
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| Nonessential Amino Acids | amino acids synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts so that they do not need to be obtained from food
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| Crude Fiber | Laboratory estimate of the cellulose, hemicellulose and ligin content of a food ingredient or feed
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| villi | finger-like projections on the surface of the small intestine that increase the surface area available fir absorption of fluids and nutrients
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| the EAAs for dogs | Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methinine,Phenylalanine, taurine, threonine
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| the EAAs for cats | Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysire, mathionine, phenylalanine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
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| The EAAs for dogs and cats | alanine, aspargine, aspartate, gluamate, gycine, proline, serine
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| the EAAs for both dogs and cats | cysteine, glutamine, taurine, tyrosine
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| Catalyze | to modify, especially to increase, the rate of a chemical reaction
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| nutrient | to support life. includes water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals & various.
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| mouth | teeth froup, tear & gring food into small pieces and tongue positions food for swallowing
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| esophagus | transport food from the mouth to the stomach
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| viscera | all of the stomach organs
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| stomach | provide food storage, move food into the small intestine, contains hydrochloric acids
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| small intestine | mixes ingested food with bile and digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients
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| large intestine | site of the microbial fermentation, absorbs water and electrolytes, moves waste into rectum and anus.
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| Microbial fermentation | some carbs to simplar compounds by microorganisms in the large intestine of cats and dogs
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| Salivery Glands | seperate saliva to moisten and lubricationg food, plays a roll in evaporating cooling in dogs and cats
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| liver | qproduces bile, stores as glucise as glyoges
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| pancreus | produces insulin and glucagon secrites enzymes into the small intestine.
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| ingredient | edible material that may provide nutrients and energy as part of a food
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| intestinal mucus | mucus membrane lining the intestine
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| energy density | number of calories provided by given weight or volume of pet food expressed as kilo-calories
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| bioavailiablity | ability of a nutrient, drug or other substance to be absorbed used by the body.
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| availiblity | proportion or a specific nutrient in food that is available for absortion by the body.
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| AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officals
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| USDA | United States Department of Agriculture
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| FDA | Food & Drug administration
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| additives | substances added to food, including preservatives, coloring and flavoring
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| Amino Acids | building blocks of protein
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| preservatives | substances added to food to destroy or inhabit microbial growth and slow decay, discoloring or spoiling under normal conditions.
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| rancidity | decomposition of fats and oils that produces off odors and flavors and destroys fat soluble vitamins.
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| Diet | daily supply of food and water to meet an animals nutrient and energy required
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| Meat & Done Meal | rendered product from mammalian tissues
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| rendered | process using low heat to seperate fat from bone and protein
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| animal digest | material produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolasis of clean undercomposed animal tissue
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| hydrolysis | process by which complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water.
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| meat by product | non-rendered clean parts other then meat, derived from slaughtered mammals
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| Essentail Fatty Acids | fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet.
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| Protozoa | Phylum or group of Phyla that comprises the single-celled microscopic animals
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| Pathogen | Bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease
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| Zoonotic | a disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals
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| Anorexia | a lack or loss of appetite for food (medical Condition)
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| Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically resulting from bacterial toxins or viral infection and causing vomitting & diarrhea
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| Salmonellosis | bacterium that occurs mainly in the intestine, causing food poison
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| hyperkeratosis | abnormal thickening of the outer layer of the skin.
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| septic peritonitis | inflammation of the membrane which lines the inside of the abdomen and all internal organs
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| hypersalivation | excessive production of saliva
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| DNA Probe Assay | detects and quantifies nucleic and acid sequences.
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