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Teresia AS Vocab
all animal science vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Essential Amino Acids | EAA, Amino Acids that can not be produced in sufficient quantity in the body and must be obtained from food |
| fiber | Portion of ingested foods that resist digestion in the GI tract |
| GI tract | Gastrointestinal Tract |
| Calories | amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1gram of water from 14.5 celsius |
| The Six Nutrients | Vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins, carbs & water |
| Vitamins | Vitamins help release energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fats |
| Minerals | Members of this nutrient class are essential for life-sustaining metabolic processes |
| fats | dietary fat is a concentrated energy source, a carrier for fat soluble vitamins, and plays many roles in the body. |
| Proteins | an essential dietary nutrient, supplies cats & dogs with amino acids for a wide range of body functions |
| Carbohydrates | provide cats and dogs with a readily available source of energy, starches, sugars |
| Water | most crucial nutrient of the body, loss of 10% equals death |
| Metabolism | the process by which large molecules are broken into smaller molecules to make energy available to the organism |
| Dry-Matter basis | Method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis |
| Adipose | stored fat tissue |
| Beef Tallow | solid fat made by rendering fat from cattle. |
| palatability | degree of readiness |
| As-Fed pr As-Is Basis | concentration of nutrients in food in the form consumed by the animal; includes moisture content of the food |
| Gross Energy | Total amount of potential energy in food; not completely used by an animal because some energy losses |
| BCS (Body Condition Score) | determination of an animal's relative proportion of muscle to fat using visual assessment and palpation |
| Lean Body Mass | fat-free mass of the body; that part of the body including all its components except fat (stored lipids) |
| Complex Carbohydrates | called polysaccharides, are long chains of simple sugar |
| polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates that yield simple sugars when digested |
| Simple Carbohydrates | include simple sugars (Monosaccharieds, sugars are easily digested for energy) |
| Enzymes | any protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body by acting as a catalyst |
| Nonessential Amino Acids | amino acids synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts so that they do not need to be obtained from food |
| Crude Fiber | Laboratory estimate of the cellulose, hemicellulose and ligin content of a food ingredient or feed |
| villi | finger-like projections on the surface of the small intestine that increase the surface area available fir absorption of fluids and nutrients |
| the EAAs for dogs | Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methinine,Phenylalanine, taurine, threonine |
| the EAAs for cats | Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysire, mathionine, phenylalanine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, valine |
| The EAAs for dogs and cats | alanine, aspargine, aspartate, gluamate, gycine, proline, serine |
| the EAAs for both dogs and cats | cysteine, glutamine, taurine, tyrosine |
| Catalyze | to modify, especially to increase, the rate of a chemical reaction |
| nutrient | to support life. includes water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals & various. |
| mouth | teeth froup, tear & gring food into small pieces and tongue positions food for swallowing |
| esophagus | transport food from the mouth to the stomach |
| viscera | all of the stomach organs |
| stomach | provide food storage, move food into the small intestine, contains hydrochloric acids |
| small intestine | mixes ingested food with bile and digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients |
| large intestine | site of the microbial fermentation, absorbs water and electrolytes, moves waste into rectum and anus. |
| Microbial fermentation | some carbs to simplar compounds by microorganisms in the large intestine of cats and dogs |
| Salivery Glands | seperate saliva to moisten and lubricationg food, plays a roll in evaporating cooling in dogs and cats |
| liver | qproduces bile, stores as glucise as glyoges |
| pancreus | produces insulin and glucagon secrites enzymes into the small intestine. |
| ingredient | edible material that may provide nutrients and energy as part of a food |
| intestinal mucus | mucus membrane lining the intestine |
| energy density | number of calories provided by given weight or volume of pet food expressed as kilo-calories |
| bioavailiablity | ability of a nutrient, drug or other substance to be absorbed used by the body. |
| availiblity | proportion or a specific nutrient in food that is available for absortion by the body. |
| AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officals |
| USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
| FDA | Food & Drug administration |
| additives | substances added to food, including preservatives, coloring and flavoring |
| Amino Acids | building blocks of protein |
| preservatives | substances added to food to destroy or inhabit microbial growth and slow decay, discoloring or spoiling under normal conditions. |
| rancidity | decomposition of fats and oils that produces off odors and flavors and destroys fat soluble vitamins. |
| Diet | daily supply of food and water to meet an animals nutrient and energy required |
| Meat & Done Meal | rendered product from mammalian tissues |
| rendered | process using low heat to seperate fat from bone and protein |
| animal digest | material produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolasis of clean undercomposed animal tissue |
| hydrolysis | process by which complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water. |
| meat by product | non-rendered clean parts other then meat, derived from slaughtered mammals |
| Essentail Fatty Acids | fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet. |
| Protozoa | Phylum or group of Phyla that comprises the single-celled microscopic animals |
| Pathogen | Bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease |
| Zoonotic | a disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals |
| Anorexia | a lack or loss of appetite for food (medical Condition) |
| Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically resulting from bacterial toxins or viral infection and causing vomitting & diarrhea |
| Salmonellosis | bacterium that occurs mainly in the intestine, causing food poison |
| hyperkeratosis | abnormal thickening of the outer layer of the skin. |
| septic peritonitis | inflammation of the membrane which lines the inside of the abdomen and all internal organs |
| hypersalivation | excessive production of saliva |
| DNA Probe Assay | detects and quantifies nucleic and acid sequences. |
Created by:
teresia grim
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