Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the formal name for the mineral calcium? | hydroxyapatite
🗑
|
||||
| Where is 99% of calcium found in the body? | bone, teeth
🗑
|
||||
| How is Ca transported across the intestinal epithelia? | active transport using Ca binding proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Where is Ca absorbed the most? | duodenum and jejunum
🗑
|
||||
| When is calcium uptake more active? When calcium levels in the body are high or low? | When calcium levels are low
🗑
|
||||
| What form of vitamin d has the most influence on calcium absorption in the intestines? | calcitriol (D3)
🗑
|
||||
| When Ca concentrations are very high what is another way calcium gets across the intestinal membrane of the ileum and the colon? | When concentrations are very high it just diffuses paracellularly
🗑
|
||||
| What are some physiological factors that affect Ca absorption? | vitamin D status,
life stage (infancy pregnancy and old age),
inhibition of absorption
🗑
|
||||
| In general how does vitamin d status affect Ca absorption (increasing and decreasing) | too little vit d can't absorb Ca, too much vit d absorb too much Ca and have hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| what are some inhibitors of Ca absorption | phytic acid, oxalic acid, fat malabsorption, high intake of other divalent cations (Mg2+, Fe2+)
🗑
|
||||
| what are some factors that would increase the absorption of Ca |
🗑
|
||||
| How is Ca transported in the blood | protein bound (albumen), free ionized form, bound to P.C.S. (phosphate, citrate, sulfate)
🗑
|
||||
| Which way does Ca transport through the blood the most | Free ionized form
🗑
|
||||
| How is Ca excreted | Urine, feces, sweat
🗑
|
||||
| What are the major functions of Ca in the body | Structural, muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve conduction
🗑
|
||||
| What is PTH's effect on the kidney | PTH causes increased activity of 25 hydroxylase which converts calcidiol to calcitriol, increases reabsorption of Ca and excretion of P
🗑
|
||||
| What is PTH's effect on bones | PTH stimulates osteoblast activity to indirectly increase osteoclast activity causing an increase in resorption
🗑
|
||||
| What are the effects of vitamin d on the kidneys | increased expression of calcium binding protein (calbindin), increased reabsorption (Acts on the tubules in the kidneys to reabsorb calcium from the pee)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the effects of vitamin D on bones | interacts with osteoblasts to indirectly stimulate osteoclast activity (increased bone resorption)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the effects of vitamin D on the intestines | interacts with enterocytes to increase expression of calbindin and increase the expression of transporters for calcium in and out
🗑
|
||||
| osteoblasts have receptors for ______ hormone and osteoclasts have receptors for ____ hormone | PTH, calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin D has an effect on ___ absorption in the intestines, where PTH has no effect | Ca
🗑
|
||||
| What is the hormone that is released in response to high calcium levels (or hypercalcemia) and which organ secretes it | calcitonin, thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| Name 2 effects of calcitonin | inhibits PTH secretion, decreases the activity of osteoclasts
🗑
|
||||
| What are some deficiency symptoms of hypocalcemia | muscle pain and spasm, osteoporosis (theres more just fyi)
🗑
|
||||
| What are some possible causes of hypocalcemia | renal disease, liver disease, parathyroid issues (hypoparathyroid), low vitamin D status, malabsorptive disorders
🗑
|
||||
| What are "Bones, stones, moans, and groans” symptoms for | hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| What does bones, stones, moans, and groans stand for | Bone: ache, high risk of fracture (impair normal bone turn over), Stones: kidney stones: inappropriate deposition in the kidney, Moans: muscular, groans: neurological issues
🗑
|
||||
| What are some causes of hypercalcemia | vitamin D toxicity, over active parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism), cancer
🗑
|
||||
| What are good food sources of Ca | dark leafy greens, dairy, beans
🗑
|
||||
| the distribution of phosphorus in the body is: bones, muscles, blood |
🗑
|
||||
| Where is phosphorus mainly absorbed and by what means | duodenum and jejunum, by phosphate transporters
🗑
|
||||
| Is phosphorus influenced by vitamin d | yes but not as much as Ca
🗑
|
||||
| How is phosphorus transported in circulation | lipoproteins
🗑
|
||||
| How is P regulated and what organ also has regulatory effects on it | regulated by PTH and the kidney regulates it by excreting and reabsorbing
🗑
|
||||
| What are some functions of phosphorus in the body | need it in every cell of our body: phosphorylations, energy production and storage (ATP), phospholipid membrane, cell signaling, bones
🗑
|
||||
| is deficiency common | No very rare, present in most foods
🗑
|
||||
| What is one disease state where P is crucial to include | Malnurished person refeeding syndrome where if they have glucose w/o P
🗑
|
||||
| Why is it so crucial to have P with glucose in feeding tubes | Because the first step glucose goes through when it enters cells is it has to be phosphorylated and without P you can undergo metabolic stress and die
🗑
|
||||
| What are common foods containing P | dairy, legumes, nuts, grains
🗑
|
||||
| What are some factors that have an increasing effect on Ca absorption | acidic environment, lactose, protein, amount ingested, low calcium status, vit d
🗑
|
||||
| What are factors that have a decreasing effect on Ca absorption | citric acid, oxalic acid, low vit d, malabsorption of fat, foods high in competing divalent cations
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
chelsea.adams
Popular Science sets