Biochem: Enzymes and Enzymology
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| What configuration are amino acids found in (R or L)? | L
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| In what cellular compartment does fatty acid, cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis take place? | Cytosol
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| In what cellular compartment does fatty acid beta-oxidation take place? | mitochondria
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| In what cellular compartment does ketone body formation take place? | liver mitochondria
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| What are the properties of an enzyme active site? | 1. 3-dimensional cleft 2. Binds substrate with weak attractions 3. Specific for substrate
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| What are the factors that influence enzyme reaction rate? | pH, substrate concentration, temperature
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| What is a holoenzyme? | an apoenzyme with its coenzyme
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| What is the coenzyme required during the synthesis of pyruvate from lactate? | NAD+ is required
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| What are the four way regulation of enzymes can be acheived? | 1. Concentration of substrate or products 2. Modulation of enzyme concentration 3. Covalent modification of enzymes 4. Modulation of a metabolic pathway
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| Describe enzyme regulation via concentration of substrates/products. | When substrate concentration is low small changes in substrate will affect velocity of reation. Too much product can inhibit enzyme.
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| What is an example of enzyme regulation via concentration of substrates/products. | formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose.
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| How are enzymes regulated by modification of enzyme concentration? | By induction or repression of enzyme synthesis OR regulated enzyme degradation.
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| What happens when blood glucose levels falls too low? What type of enzyme regulation is this? | low blood glucose induces glucagon to promote gluconeogenesis enzymes to synthesis glucose
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| How is enzyme activity regulated by covalent modification? | phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and proteolytic activation
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| What is the function of enteropeptidase? | cleaves the zymogen trypsinogen to trypsin.
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| What are the types of modulation of metabolic pathway regulation of enzyme activity? | feedback and feedforward regulation, compartmentation of enzymes/substrates
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| What is homotropic allosteric regulation? | when the substrate causes cooperative binding of more substrate.
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| What is heterotropic allosteric regulation? | when another molecule binds to the enzyme at a place different than the active site
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| what kind of curve to allosteric enzymes show? | sigmoidal curve
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| Does feedback/feedforward regulation change K0.5 or Vmax? | K0.5
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| Does competitive inhibition change Km or Vmax? | Km
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| Does noncompetitive inhibition change Km or Vmax? | Vmax
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| Give an example of competitive inhibition. | the action of statins on HMG-CoA reductase (used for cholesterol synthesis)
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| On a Lineweaver-Burk plot where is Vmax? | y-intercept=1/Vmax
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| What kind of regulation does DFP exhibit of acetylcholine esterase? | irreversible
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| How does aspirin prevent blood clotting? | It inhibits COX which produces thromoxane and prostacyclin. Thromboxane needed by platelets=stimulate blood clotting and prostacyclin needed by endothelial cells=prevent blood clotting. Endothelial produce COX whereas platelets cannot.
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Created by:
mnoronha
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