Grade 7 Chapter 6 Life Science Evolution-Evidence of Change
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| _______ are the naturally preserved remains, imprints, or traces of organisms that lived long ago. | Fossils
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| Examples of fossils include _____, shells, and footprints. | bones
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| A _______ is a scientist who studies fossils. | paleontologist
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| The process of _______ is part of an organism’s life cycle. | decomposition
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| Decomposition breaks things down into _____ that can be used by other organisms. | substances
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| Organisms that consume and help break down dead organisms are known as _______. | decomposers
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| _______ eat dead organisms. | Scavengers
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| To become a _____ , a dead organism must be well protected from decomposers, scavengers, and environmental factors. | fossil
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| Organisms with hard structures such as _____, bones, and shells are more likely to become fossils. | teeth
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| Fossils only form under _____ conditions. | certain
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| In the _______ process, minerals are deposited in the empty spaces of dead organisms. | permineralization
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| Permineralization forms strong, _____ fossils. | rock-like
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| Most _____ become fossilized through permineralization. | bones
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| The details of the organism’s hard structure are often ______. | preserved
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| _____ wood refers to trees that are fossilized by permineralization. | Petrified
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| In the _______ process, the hard parts of an organism are dissolved and replaced with minerals. | replacement
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| The original microscopic details of the organism are partially or totally ______. | destroyed
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| Only the ____ of the original organism remains. | shape
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| ______ occurs when a dead organism is quickly buried under conditions without oxygen. | Carbonization
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| A thin film of _____ is left behind when hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen leave a dead organism’s remains. | carbon
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| The carbon film preserves an _____ or shape of the original organism on a rock. | image
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| Many ____ fossils are preserved as carbon films. | plant
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| Soft animal materials such as ____, fur, and feathers can be preserved as carbon films. | skin
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| The preservation of an impression or indentation of an organism is a ____ or a cast. | mold
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| Mold and cast fossils contain ___ remaining parts of the original organism. | no
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| A cast is formed when a ___ fills with sediment that hardens into rock. | mold
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| Casts are formed entirely from material ___ than the original organism. | other
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| In an ____ ____ fossil, none of the hard or soft structures of the organism have been altered or replaced. | original material
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| The organism is preserved in its ____ form. | original
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| Much of the evidence for ____ comes from fossils. | evolution
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| Fossils provide a ____ of the different organisms that lived in the past. | record
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| ___ fossils are found in deeper sedimentary rock layers. | Older
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| The ___ ____ is all of the known fossils, their placements in rocks, and their positions in time. | fossil record
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| The fossil record supports the ____ of plants and animals. | evolution
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| The fossil record has ___ in it. | gaps
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| Most of the species that ever lived on Earth are now _____. | extinct
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| Fossil evidence can sometimes be used to determine if an organism lived ____ or in groups, the kind of food it ate, and the type of environment it lived in. | alone
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| The study of the similarities and differences in the structures of organisms is known as ___ ___. | comparative anatomy
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| In 1976, scientists found fossils of four-winged true flies that confirmed an earlier prediction that true flies and scorpion flies have a common ____. | ancestor
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| Evidence from the study and comparison of the structures of ____ organisms with those of fossils supports the pattern of evolution. | living
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| Parts of organisms that are similar in origin and structure are called ___ ___. | homologous structures
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| Homologous structures are the result of ____. | evolution
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| Homologous structures may indicate how closely two or more species share common _____. | ancestors
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| ___ ___ appear similar, but have different ancestral origins. | Analogous structures
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| Examples of analogous structures include the ___ of birds and insects. | wings
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| Analogous structures result when similar ____ conditions produce similar natural selection outcomes over time on remotely related organisms. | environmental
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| ____ structures are structures that have no function in their present-day form. | Vestigial
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| Scientists hypothesize that the vestigial structures once functioned in an ____. | ancestor
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| _____ is the science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth. | Embryology
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| Similar patterns of embryo development provide clues to the _____ relationships among organisms. | evolutionary
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| Embryos of different ____ have similar early developmental stages. | vertebrates
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| The ___ ___ of vertebrates develop into facial and neck structures. | pharyngeal pouches
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| The similarities of species are best explained by common ___ and by evolution through natural selection. | ancestors
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| ____ data supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. | Molecular
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| Differences in the cytochrome c molecules of different organisms are ____ to have developed independently from different ancestral lines. | unlikely
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| Earthquakes are evidence that changes to Earth’s ___ ___ are still occurring. | lithospheric plates
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| As lithospheric plates ___, they create environmental changes for the organisms that live on and near them. | move
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| Environmental changes caused by moving plates can lead to the development of and extinction of ____. | species
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| ___ ___ occurs when populations of species are divided or separated by a physical barrier. | Geographic isolation
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| Geographic isolation can occur when lithospheric plates collide and form _____. | mountains
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| ___ and large bodies of water can also cause geographic isolation of species. | Rivers
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| Once separated by geographic isolation, species may follow different ____ paths if they are in different environments over time. | evolutionary
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| Darwin’s observations in ____ and Ecuador led to the idea of evolution by natural selection. | Galápagos
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| When species evolve independently under similar conditions and develop structural and functional similarities, the process is known as ___ ___. | convergent evolution
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| Convergent evolution results in very distantly related species that appear ____. | similar
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| Geographic isolation leads to closely related species that appear ___. | different
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| ____, a Greek philosopher, was one of the first people to put organisms into categories. | Aristotle
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| In the mid-eighteenth century, Swedish botanist ___ ___ developed a classification system that grouped organisms based on similar physical structures. | Carolus Linnaeus
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| A ___ includes organisms that have the greatest number of traits in common and that can breed to produce fertile offspring. | species
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| Only ___ are subject to natural selection and evolve. | species
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| Linnaeus developed a system for ___ species that is still used today. | naming
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| Each species has a ____ scientific name. | two-word
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| The first word in the scientific name identifies the ___ to which the species belongs. | genus
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| Organisms are ___ into levels. | classified
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| The order of classification levels (from most general to most specific) is kingdom, ___, class, order, family, genus, and species. | phylum
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| There are ___ different kingdoms. | six
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| Basic features, such as whether an organism is single-celled or multicellular, are used to define each ___. | kingdom
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| ____, the modern study of classification, uses DNA and molecular biology to identifyrelated organisms. | Systematics
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| The more shared __ sequences two species have, the more recent an ancestor they are likely to share. | DNA
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| A ___ is the sequence of a sample of 1,000 base pairs of DNA. | haplotype
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| DNA ____ measures the differences in overall DNA between two organisms. | hybridization
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| Prompted by discoveries made in molecular biology, a new level, the ___, is now the highest level, positioned above kingdom. | domain
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