Lecture Unit 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Properties of muscle tissue | EXCITABILITY: Responds to stimuli from neurons. CONTRACTILITY: Is able to shorten. Flex muscles, shorter & fatter. ELASTICITY: Can recoil after contraction. EXTENSIBILITY: Capable of stretching during flexion of antagonistic muscles.
🗑
|
||||
| Functions of muscle tissue | MOVEMENT-works with skeletal system. MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE. TEMPERATURE REGULATION. STORAGE & MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS. SUPPORT ABDOMINAL ORGANS. JOINT STABILIZATION-muscle tone.
🗑
|
||||
| Three Types of muscle tissue | Cardiac-only in heart, Smooth-all organs, blood vessels, Skeletal-attached to skeleton.
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of cardiac muscle | In myocardium. Fibers Y shaped/branched. Uninucleated (small percentage are binucleated). Striated-striped dark and light proteins. Involuntary. Intercalcated discs-junction point between heart cells. Auto-rhythmic-contracts 100b/m w/o nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of smooth muscle | In walls of visceral organs. Fusiform shape (wide middle and tapered at each end). Uninucleate. No striations. Involuntary. Fatigue resistant.
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of skeletal muscle | Made of cylindrical muscle cells (myofibers). Fiber-like (long and cylindrical) Multinucleate-from fused myoblasts. Striated. Voluntary. Contains myoglobin-O2 binding pigment. Innervated-neuromuscular junctions. Vascular.
🗑
|
||||
| Myoblasts fuse to form a: | Skeletal muscle fiber. Myoblasts become multi-nucleated.
🗑
|
||||
| Connective tissue wrappings | Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium, Deep Fascia, All four are continuous with the tendon. Help produce movement.
🗑
|
||||
| Endomysium | Surrounds each muscle fiber. Areolar and reticular fibers.
🗑
|
||||
| Perimysium | Surrounds groups of muscle fibers (fascicles). Dense irregular CT.
🗑
|
||||
| Epimysium | Surrounds whole muscle (group of fascicles). Dense irregular CT.
🗑
|
||||
| Deep fascia | Surrounds muscle groups. Dense irregular CT. Superficial.
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle attachments | Tendons, Origin, Insertion.
🗑
|
||||
| Tendons | Attach muscle to bones, skin, cartilage. Aponeruosis is a flat tendon (ex. galea aponeruotica).
🗑
|
||||
| Origin | Less movable attachment of muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| Insertion | More movable attachment of muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| Microscopic Anatomy | Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasm, Transverse tubules or T-tubules, Sarcoplasmic reticulum.
🗑
|
||||
| Sarcolemma | Cell membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Sarcoplasm | Cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Transverse tubules or T-tubules | Invaginations of sarcolemma. Conduct impulses to deepest regions of cell
🗑
|
||||
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Elaborate smooth ER. Surrounds each myofibril. Stores calcium. Contains terminal cisternae-site of calcium release. Right next to T. tubules.
🗑
|
||||
| Order of muscle organization. Largest to smallest | 1. Muscle 2. Facicle 3. Myofiber 4. Myofibrils 5. Myofilaments
🗑
|
||||
| Myofibrils | Found inside of muscle fibers. Shorten during muscle contraction. Long row of repeating segments-sarcomeres. Composed of myofilaments. Organelle.
🗑
|
||||
| Myofilaments | Composed of thin and thick filaments. Thin filaments: actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. Thick filaments: Myosin. Be able to label all 4. Troponin/Tropomyosin complex=TTC-referred to together. Molecule.
🗑
|
||||
| Sarcomeres | Functional unit of the skeletal muscle fiber. Responsible for striated appearance of muscle. Defined from z disc (or line) to z disc.
🗑
|
||||
| Sliding Filament Theory (Steps 1-3) | 1. Nerve impulse causes sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca from terminal cisternae. 2. Ca binds to troponin. 3. Troponin-Tropomyosin complex (TTC) slides off of binding sites on actin.
🗑
|
||||
| Sliding Filament Theory (Steps 4-6) | 4. Myosin heads (thick filaments) attach to actin (thin fil). 5. Heads swivel inward, pulling the actin toward center of sarcomere. 6. Myosin heads release; process repeated. (Actin-myosin binding powered by ATP & triggered by Ca2+).
🗑
|
||||
| Rigor Mortis | Death is not an event but a process. Tissues continue to live after the brain, heart, and lungs fail. A few hrs after death, ATP runs out: Myosin cant detach from actin. Calcium cant be taken up by SR. Leads to continual muscle contration.
🗑
|
||||
| After Rigor Morits | After 15-24 hours the myofibrils begin to deteriorate allowing muscles to relax. Random twitching can occur. Cells live until they run out of oxygen and glucose. Muscle cells live for 1-2 days. Skin/hair can live for a couple of weeks.
🗑
|
||||
| Tetanus | Caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Excessive muscle contraction. Stuck contracted, over contracted.
🗑
|
||||
| Botulism | Caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Muscular paralysis. Under contration. Botox approved by FDA in 2002. Lessen appearance of wrinkles by paralyzing muscles. Effects last for 120 days.
🗑
|
||||
| Terminal cisternae | dead-end sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that border T-tubules, calcium is stored here
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
punkaloo
Popular Science sets