Patho Ch 3 Pg. 70-75
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| What does chemical injury begin with? | a biochemical interaction between a toxic substance and the cell's plasma membrane.
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| What are the 2 chemically induced causes of membrane distruction? | 1) direct toxicity 2)formation of reactive free radicals and lipid peroxidation.
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| What do lipid-acceptor proteins bind with? | triglycerides to form lipoproteins
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| What are some methods contributing to inactivation or termination of Free radicals? | anitoxidants and enzymes
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| What are the common sources of lead exposure? | environmental, occupational, hobbies, cosmetics
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| What is lead? | a heavy metal that persists in the environment.
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| What organ systems are primarily affected by lead ingestion? | nervous system, hematopoietic system (tissues that produce blood cells), and the kidneys.
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| What makes carbon monoxide (CO) so dangerous? | it is odorless, colorless and undetectible hass unless it is mixed with a visible or odorous pollutant.
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| What are the symptoms of CO poisoning? | headache, giddiness, tinnitus, nausea, weakness and vomiting.
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| Who is at risk for CO exposure? | Those who: 1) Breath air polluted by gasoline engines or defective furnaces 2) work in occupations such as coal mining, fire fighting, welding or engine repair. 3)smoke cigarettes, cigars or pipes.
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| What is the primary choice among mood altering drugs available in the US? | ethanol or alchohol
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| What are the most serious concequences of alcohol abuse? | Liver and nutritional disorders
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| What are the nutritional defeciencies related to alcohol abuse? | magnesium, vitamin b6, thiamine and phosphorus and also effects folate metabolism
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| How is alcohol metabolized in the blood? | 1) Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzyme of the cytosol that catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde.
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| What does acute alcoholism affect? | CNS but may induce reversible hepatic and gastric changes.
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| What does chronic alcoholism cause? | structural alterations in practically all organs and tissues in the body.
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| Growth retardation, facial anomalies, cognitive impairment, and ocular malformations are characteristics of what disorder? | Fetal alcohol syndrome
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| What is a cause of hepatic injury, terminating in cirrhosis? | alcohol
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| What are the 3 main sources of mercury exposure? | 1) fish consumption 2) dental amalgams 3) vaccines
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| What are the systemic effects of Marijuana? | alterations of sensory perceptions, cognitive and psychomotor impairment, smoking 3-4 per day is equivelant to 20 cigarettes. fertility and sperm problems.
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| What are the systemic effects of METH? | irrability, violent behavior, anxiety, excitement, halllucenations and paranoia.
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| What are the systemic effects of cocaine and crack? | hypertension, tachycardia and vasoconstriction
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| What are the systemic effects of heroin? | highly addictive, withdrawl causes intense fear
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