Ch 16 abdomen, biliary
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| What organs are contained in the abdominal cavity? | stomach, the intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys
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| What organs are contained in the pelvic cavity? | rectum, sigmoid, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
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| Where is the liver located? | Right upper quadrant
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| A double-walled seromembraneous sac that encloses the abdominal cavity? | peritoneum
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| What does the portal vein and the hepatic artery do? | convey blood to the liver
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| What is the main purpose from the radiographic standpoint is the purpose of the liver? | formation of bile
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| The two main hepatic ducts join to form? | common hepatic duct
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| The common bile duct joins with what other duct? | Pancreatic duct
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| What two ducts join to form the common bile duct | common hepatic duct, cystic duct
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| The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join in a chamber known as? | hepatopancreatic ampulla
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| what is another name for the chamber where the common bile and pancreatic duct join? | ampulla of vater
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| What are the functions of the gallbladder? | concentrate and store bile, evacuating bile during digestion
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| The distal end of the common bile duct is controlled by? | choledochal sphincter
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| What does the pancreas produce? | insulin, glucagon, pancreatic juice
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| What does the spleen do? | produces lymphocytes, stores and removes dead or dying red blood cells
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| What are the names of the folds which serve to support the viscera in position? | mesentary, omenta
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| What is the space between the peritoneum layers called? | peritoneal cavity
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| Where is the liver located in the body? | Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
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| What divides the liver into two lobes? | Faslciform ligament
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| What should you see on a properly exposed radiograph of the absdomen? | psoas muscles, lower border of the liver, transverse process of the l-spine
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| What type of scale of contrast is optimal for an x-ray of the abdomen? | moderate contrast, moderate gray tones
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| What are the main important factors when doing an abdominal x-ray? | prevention of movement, explain breathing to patient, wait 1 to 2 sec for exposure after breathing instructions are given
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| When a patient cannot stand for an upright abdominal x-ray, what projection(s) should be done? | Lt lateral decubitus or dorsal decubitius
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| What exams are part of a 3 way? | pa cxr, upright and flat abdomen
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| Where is the centering point for exams of the abdomen when the diaphragm is NOT of interest? | At the iliac crest
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| Where is the centering point for abdominal exams where the diaphragm IS of interest? | 2 in above the iliac crest, to include the diaphragm
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| What is the breathing instructions for all abdominal exams? | suspend respiration at end of expiration
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| What are some reasons a Lt lateral decubitis of the abdomen are performed? | free air(pneumoperitoneum), air-fluid levels
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| Where is the IR directed for an AP or PA upright abdomen? | 2 in above the iliac crest
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| How long should a patient lay on their left side when a decubitus abdomen is being performed? | 10 - 20 minutes
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| Where does the CR enter on a lateral projection of the abdomen? | Midcoronal plane(MCP)
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| What does the term chole stand for? | relationship with bile
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| What does the term choledocho stand for? | common bile duct
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| What does the term cholecyst stand for? | gallbladder
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| What does the term cholangio stand for? | bile ducts
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| Where is the IR centered for a lateral DORSAL decubitis? | 2 in above the iliac crest on the MCP
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| What are the main structures shown on a lateral decubitis of the abdomen? | both sides of the abdomen, air-fluid levels, abdominal wall, flank structures, and diaphragm
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| What is the recommend density for the contrast being used for a t-tube choleangiogram? | 25 to 30 %
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| What are the main reasons to do an ERCP on a patient? | when the biliary ducts are not dilated, no obstruction exists at the ampulla, and diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathologies
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| What are the main reasons to perform a PTC? | jaundice, ductal system is shown to be dilated by the use of CT or ultrasound
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| What are the main reasons to perfoem a T-Tube cholangiogram? | patency of the ducts, presence of residual stones, status of the sphincters, and other pathological conditions
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| WHen is a prep not used on a patient before an abdominal radiographic procedure? | acutely ill patients, visceral rupture, intestional obstruction, or perforation
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| Look at the pathological conditions on page | 98
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