Stack #54294
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| presidential reconstruction | headed by Lincoln and Johnson
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| Proclamation of Anmesty & Reconstruction | 1863, pres. pardons by an oath of allegiance and acceptance of emancipation; state gov'ts reestablished if 10% of the population took oaths
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| Wade-Davis bill | required 50% of the pop. to take oaths, only non-confederates could vote for new constitutions being drawn up
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| Andrew Johnson | self-taugh tailor, TN, Democrat, white supremecist
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| Freedmen's Bureau | provided food, medical care, and shelter to blacks/ homeless whites (Oliver Howard) established black schools/ colleges
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| Black codes | prohibited them from renting land, borrowing money for land; put them in semibondage- vagrants and appentices, kept from testifying in court
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| congressional reconstruction | 3 rounds- 2nd phase- congress adopted a plan, harsher on southern whites and more protective of freed blacks
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| radical republicans | for civil rights for blacks
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| charles sumner | radical republican from Mass
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| Thaddeus stevens | PA, for military rule, civil rightsd, black education
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| Benjamin Wade | Ohio, endorsed womens suffrage, labor union rights, and northern black civil rights
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| Civil Rights act of 1866 | overrode johnson's vetoes, all African AMericans were us citizens
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| 14th amendment | everyone born or denaturalized in the us were citizens, provided for equal protection, confederate pol. leaders couldnt hold office, repudiated conf. debts, and penallized interferences with voting rights
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| equal protection and due process of the law | civil rights in the 14th
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| reconstruction acts of 1867 | put south under military occupation, separated it into 5 districts controlled by the union army, increased readmission requirements so that states had to ratify the 14th
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| tenure of office act | prohibited the president from removing an official without senate consent
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| Edwin Stanton | Sec. of War, removed by johnson, in charge of southern military gof'ts
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| impeachment | trial of the president, vote to have him removed
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| 15th amendment | prohibited any state from denying the right to vote
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| Civil Rights Act of 1875 | equal accomodations in public places, blacks could be on juries
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| scalawags | hated southern republicans
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| carpetbaggers | hated northern newcomers
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| Blanche K Bruce & Hiram Revels | 2 black senators sent by southern republicans
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| sharecropping | landlord provides seed/tools for black labor, they split the crop
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| spoilsmen | those who give jobs/favors to supporters
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| patronage | giving jobs/favors to supporters
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| Jay Gould | he had a scheme to corner the gold market, made a huge profit
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| Credit Mobilier | insiders gave stocks to congressmen in return for their silence about making profits off of subsidies from building the transcontinental RR
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| Thomas Nast | cartoonist, NY Times, exposed tweed
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| William Tweed | NYC, stole $200 million from taxpayers-- tweed ring
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| Liberal Republicans | reform minded, nominated Horace Greeley in 72
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| Horace Greeley | editor of the NY tribune, presidential Rep. candidate in 1872
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| Panic of 1873 | depression, business factors, overbuilding, many jobless, homeless
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| greenbacks | paper money not supported by gold
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| redeemers | southern conservatives, took control of state govt's
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| Ku Klux Klan | by Nathaniel Bedford Forrest, flogged, burned, threatened arfican americans
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| Force Acts | 1870- 71, gave federal authority power to stop violence, protect citizens
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| Amnesty Act of 1872 | removed most Confederate restrictions, allowed conservative democrats to vote, retake control of state govts
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| Rutherford B hayes | republican 1876 candidate, gov. of ohio
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| Samuel J Tilden | Democrat nominee, NY reform governor
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| Compromise of 1877 | hayes would become president if he ended federal Rep. support in the south and supported southern transcontinental RR
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