1863, pres. pardons by an oath of allegiance and acceptance of emancipation; state gov'ts reestablished if 10% of the population took oaths
Wade-Davis bill
required 50% of the pop. to take oaths, only non-confederates could vote for new constitutions being drawn up
Andrew Johnson
self-taugh tailor, TN, Democrat, white supremecist
Freedmen's Bureau
provided food, medical care, and shelter to blacks/ homeless whites (Oliver Howard) established black schools/ colleges
Black codes
prohibited them from renting land, borrowing money for land; put them in semibondage- vagrants and appentices, kept from testifying in court
congressional reconstruction
3 rounds- 2nd phase- congress adopted a plan, harsher on southern whites and more protective of freed blacks
radical republicans
for civil rights for blacks
charles sumner
radical republican from Mass
Thaddeus stevens
PA, for military rule, civil rightsd, black education
Benjamin Wade
Ohio, endorsed womens suffrage, labor union rights, and northern black civil rights
Civil Rights act of 1866
overrode johnson's vetoes, all African AMericans were us citizens
14th amendment
everyone born or denaturalized in the us were citizens, provided for equal protection, confederate pol. leaders couldnt hold office, repudiated conf. debts, and penallized interferences with voting rights
equal protection and due process of the law
civil rights in the 14th
reconstruction acts of 1867
put south under military occupation, separated it into 5 districts controlled by the union army, increased readmission requirements so that states had to ratify the 14th
tenure of office act
prohibited the president from removing an official without senate consent
Edwin Stanton
Sec. of War, removed by johnson, in charge of southern military gof'ts
impeachment
trial of the president, vote to have him removed
15th amendment
prohibited any state from denying the right to vote
Civil Rights Act of 1875
equal accomodations in public places, blacks could be on juries
scalawags
hated southern republicans
carpetbaggers
hated northern newcomers
Blanche K Bruce & Hiram Revels
2 black senators sent by southern republicans
sharecropping
landlord provides seed/tools for black labor, they split the crop
spoilsmen
those who give jobs/favors to supporters
patronage
giving jobs/favors to supporters
Jay Gould
he had a scheme to corner the gold market, made a huge profit
Credit Mobilier
insiders gave stocks to congressmen in return for their silence about making profits off of subsidies from building the transcontinental RR
Thomas Nast
cartoonist, NY Times, exposed tweed
William Tweed
NYC, stole $200 million from taxpayers-- tweed ring
Liberal Republicans
reform minded, nominated Horace Greeley in 72
Horace Greeley
editor of the NY tribune, presidential Rep. candidate in 1872
Panic of 1873
depression, business factors, overbuilding, many jobless, homeless
greenbacks
paper money not supported by gold
redeemers
southern conservatives, took control of state govt's
Ku Klux Klan
by Nathaniel Bedford Forrest, flogged, burned, threatened arfican americans
Force Acts
1870- 71, gave federal authority power to stop violence, protect citizens
Amnesty Act of 1872
removed most Confederate restrictions, allowed conservative democrats to vote, retake control of state govts
Rutherford B hayes
republican 1876 candidate, gov. of ohio
Samuel J Tilden
Democrat nominee, NY reform governor
Compromise of 1877
hayes would become president if he ended federal Rep. support in the south and supported southern transcontinental RR
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