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CMS - 8th History

Important Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Mercantilism is an economic theory that a country’s strength is measured by the amount of gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country.
Abolitionist a person who wanted to end slavery in the United States.
Tariff a tax on goods brought into a country.
Protective Tariff a tax placed on goods from another country to protect the home industry.
Sectionalism a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country.
Manifest Destiny the belief that the United States should own all of the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Temperance Movement a campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol.
Representative Government a system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.
Republic a nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them.
House of Burgesses the first representative assembly in the new world.
Three Branches of Government the Legislative Branch, the Judicial Branch, and the Executive branch.
Checks and Balances a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.
Free Enterprise the freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation.
Federalism the sharing of power between the states and the national government.
Separation of Powers a system in which each branch of government has it’s own powers.
Popular Sovereignty the practice of allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery.
Amend means to change.
Unalienable rights rights that cannot be given up, taken away or transferred. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, are some of those rights.
Tyranny a cruel and unjust government.
Democracy a form of government that is run for and by the people, giving people the supreme power.
Ratify to approve by vote.
Judicial Review the right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passed by Congress and determine whether they are constitutional or not.
Civil Disobedience the refusal to obey a government law or laws as a means of passive resistance because of one’s moral conviction or belief.
Federalists supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government.
Antifederalists people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government.
Nullification the idea of a state declaring a federal law illegal.
Primary Sources the original records of an event. They include eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts.
Secondary Sources the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles, provide summaries of information found in primary sources.
Republicanism an attitude toward society in the late 1700s based on the belief that the good virtue and morality of the people was essential to sustain the republican form of government.
Industrial Revolution the era in which a change from household industries to factory production using powered machinery took place.
Created by: phsv
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